Adolescent Identity Development Essay

Lord of the Flies Novel by William Golding: The Importance of Self-Discovery Lord Of Flies( The Importance of self-discovery) 1 Human should understand the importance of self-discovery. In the Lord of the Flies, Ralph, Simon and Samneric learned the weaknesses and darkness within the human hearts. People grows up when they faces a challenge. Ralph Ds challenge is how to be a good and responsible leader. Simon’s challenge is how to speak at front of people. Samneric’s challenge is how to make right choice. The truth about self-discovery may be cruel, but it is worth to learn from it. Ralph is being a playful, innocent child in the beginning of the story, but towards the end he matures significantly. Excluding Piggy, Ralph is the most mature and responsible member of the boys, for he is concerned throughout the book with keeping the fire on the mountain going, and building shelter. † If a ship comes near the island they may not notice us. So we must make smoke on top of the mountain. We must make a fire. † pg,37 Ralph always has the strong belief that all the children will be saved from the island sooner or later, but at middle part of the story he begins to doubting it. At end of the story, after the death of Piggy, Ralph’s encounter with the Lord of the Flies, he knocks over the pig’s skull. † A sick tear and rage swept him. Fiercely he hit out at the filthy thing in front of him that bobbed like a toy and came back, still grinning into his face, so that he lashed and cried out in loathing. † pg206 Ralph realize the evil is part of him and just as to other boys. However, he is the only person who acknowledges the importance of being responsible, and he takes over as a true leader even though he is not necessarily good at it.    3Sam and Eric represents the crowd in modern society, Just like every ordinary human. They are faithful and mostly good. They can be described as loyalist in the story. Their rule is to serve whomever is the leader. For example when Jack says † Grab them! No one moved. Jack shouted angrily. I said † grab them†! † Samneric finally give into his threats on their travel to Castle Rock. Later, then betray Ralph, by showing his hiding place to Jack. † You’re sure he meant in there? The twin moaned faintly and then squealed again. † † He meant he’d hide in there? † pg. 214 In this way, Samneric symbolize the weakness of human nature. They have lose any real sense of loyalty to others.

Education and Mark Twain Tags

â€Å"Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. †Ã‚   ? Mahatma Gandhi tags:  carpe-diem,  education,  inspirational,  learning 38,294 people liked it like â€Å"I have never let my schooling interfere with my education. †Ã‚   ? Mark Twain tags:  education 11,482 people liked it like â€Å"You can never be overdressed or overeducated. † ?  Oscar Wilde tags:  education,  fashion 6,803 people liked it like â€Å"You educate a man; you educate a man. You educate a woman; you educate a generation. †Ã‚   ? Brigham Young tags:  education,  feminism,  men,  women 3,833 people liked it like â€Å"The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page.    ? Augustine of Hippo tags:  allegory,  books,  broad-mindedness,  classic,  education,  imagery,  travel,  world 3,650 people liked it like â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. â⠂¬ Ã‚   ? Nelson Mandela tags:  change,  education 2,344 people liked it like â€Å"Whatever the cost of our libraries, the price is cheap compared to that of an ignorant nation. †Ã‚   ? Walter Cronkite tags:  education,  ignorance,  intelligence,  libraries 2,006 people liked it like â€Å"Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence.    ? Robert Frost tags:  education 1,846 people liked it like â€Å"When you know better you do better. † ?  Maya Angelou tags:  education,  intelligence,  knowledge,  wisdom 1,709 people liked it like â€Å"The past has no power over the present moment. † ?  Eckhart Tolle tags:  education,  inspirational,  life,  philosophy,  truth,  wisdom 1,564 people liked it like â€Å"Education: the path from cocky ignorance to miserable uncertainty. †Ã‚   ? Mark Twain tags:  education 1,267 people liked it like â€Å"Intelligence plus character-that is the goal of true education. †Ã‚   ? Martin Luther King, Jr. tags:  education ,160 people liked it like â€Å"The task of the modern educator is not to cut down jungles, but to irrigate deserts. †Ã‚   ? C. S. Lewis tags:  education 1,111 people liked it like â€Å"The best thing for being sad,† replied Merlin, beginning to puff and blow, â€Å"is to learn something. That's the only thing that never fails. You may grow old and trembling in your anatomies, you may lie awake at night listening to the disorder of your veins, you may miss your only love, you may see the world about you devastated by evil lunatics, or know your honour trampled in the sewers of baser minds.There is only one thing for it then — to learn. Learn why the world wags and what wags it. That is the only thing which the mind can never exhaust, never alienate, never be tortured by, never fear or distrust, and never dream of regretting. Learning is the only thing for you. Look what a lot of things there are to learn. †Ã‚   ? T. H. White,  The Once and Future King tags:  curiosity,  depression,  education,  learning,  teaching 1,045 people liked it like â€Å"If you want to get laid, go to college. If you want an education, go to the library. †Ã‚   ? Frank Zappa tags:  education,  sex 1,013 people liked it ike â€Å"Give a girl an education and introduce her properly into the world, and ten to one but she has the means of settling well, without further expense to anybody. †Ã‚   ? Jane Austen tags:  education,  women 980 people liked it like â€Å"Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make man a more clever devil. †Ã‚   ? C. S. Lewis tags:  character-development,  education,  ethics 834 people liked it like â€Å"Eragon looked back at him, confused. â€Å"I don't understand. † â€Å"Of course you don't,† said Brom impatiently. â€Å"That's why I'm teac hing you and not the other way around. †Ã‚   ?Christopher Paolini,  Eragon tags:  education,  humor 828 people liked it like â€Å"I am not a teacher, but an awakener. † ?  Robert Frost tags:  carpe-diem,  education,  inspirational,  learning,  mentoring 819 people liked it like â€Å"In real life, I assure you, there is no such thing as algebra. †Ã‚   ? Fran Lebowitz tags:  algebra,  education,  humor,  mathematics 775 people liked it like â€Å"[Kids] don't remember what you try to teach them. They remember what you are. †Ã‚   ? Jim Henson,  It's Not Easy Being Green: And Other Things to Consider tags:  childhood,  education,  learning,  teaching 773 people liked it like Ideally, what should be said to every child, repeatedly, throughout his or her school life is something like this: ‘You are in the process of being indoctrinated. We have not yet evolved a system of education that is not a system of indoctrinatio n. We are sorry, but it is the best we can do. What you are being taught here is an amalgam of current prejudice and the choices of this particular culture. The slightest look at history will show how impermanent these must be. You are being taught by people who have been able to accommodate themselves to a regime of thought laid down by their predecessors.It is a self-perpetuating system. Those of you who are more robust and individual than others will be encouraged to leave and find ways of educating yourself — educating your own judgements. Those that stay must remember, always, and all the time, that they are being moulded and patterned to fit into the narrow and particular needs of this particular society. †Ã‚   ? Doris Lessing,  The Golden Notebook tags:  conformity,  education,  feminism,  knowledge-power,  quip,  school 740 people liked it like â€Å"Study without desire spoils the memory, and it retains nothing that it takes in. †Ã‚   ? Leo nardo da Vinci ags:  education,  schooling,  university 734 people liked it like â€Å"Prejudices, it is well known, are most difficult to eradicate from the heart whose soil has never been loosened or fertilised by education: they grow there, firm as weeds among stones. †Ã‚   ? Charlotte Bronte,  Jane Eyre tags:  education,  prejudice 700 people liked it like â€Å"The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled. †Ã‚   ? Plutarch tags:  curiosity,  education,  mentoring,  mind,  thinking 669 people liked it like â€Å"Without education, we are in a horrible and deadly danger of taking educated people seriously. †Ã‚   ? G. K.Chesterton tags:  education,  ignorance,  indoctrination 667 people liked it like â€Å"Often, it’s not about becoming a new person, but becoming the person you were meant to be, and already are, but don’t know how to be. †Ã‚   ? Heath L. Buckmaster,  Box of Hair: A Fairy Tal e tags:  education,  growth,  life,  self-acceptance,  self-realization 664 people liked it like â€Å"You know, sometimes kids get bad grades in school because the class moves too slow for them. Einstein got D's in school. Well guess what, I get F's!!! †Ã‚   ? Bill Watterson tags:  calvin-and-hobbes,  comic,  education,  funny,  school 662 people liked it like The educated differ from the uneducated as much as the living differ from the dead. †Ã‚   ? Aristotle tags:  education 625 people liked it like â€Å"Try not to have a good time†¦ this is supposed to be educational. †Ã‚   ? Charles M. Schulz tags:  education,  humor 589 people liked it like * Home * Authors * Topics * Quote of the Day * Pictures * Top of Form Bottom of Form Authors:  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z ————————â €”———————- Education Quotes * Grid  List * * Prev * 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * .. * 40 * Next * Share220309 Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.Nelson Mandela Change,  Powerful,  Weapon It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it. Aristotle Mind,  Without,  Thought A liberal education is at the heart of a civil society, and at the heart of a liberal education is the act of teaching. A. Bartlett Giamatti Society,  Heart,  Act An education isn't how much you have committed to memory, or even how much you know. It's being able to differentiate between what you know and what you don't. Anatole France Between,  Able,  Memory My mother said I must always be intolerant of ignorance but understanding of lliteracy. That some people, unable to go to school, were more educated and more intelligent than college professors. Maya Angelou Mother,  Scho ol,  Ignorance Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing that is worth knowing can be taught. Oscar Wilde Time,  Nothing,  Remember Ads by Google Church Online Tired of your life? Find hope at Church Online westside-family. churchonline. org Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence. Robert Frost Without,  Anything,  LosingEducation is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. William Butler Yeats Fire,  Lighting,  Filling Develop a passion for learning. If you do, you will never cease to grow. Anthony J. D'Angelo Learning,  Passion,  Grow An investment in knowledge pays the best interest. Benjamin Franklin Knowledge,  Best,  Interest In the first place, God made idiots. That was for practice. Then he made school boards. Mark Twain God,  School,  Made The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet. Aristotle Sweet,  Bitte r,  Roots Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom.George Washington Carver Freedom,  Door,  Key Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself. John Dewey Life,  Itself The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to learn and change. Carl Rogers Change,  Person,  Learned Education is the best friend. An educated person is respected everywhere. Education beats the beauty and the youth. Chanakya Beauty,  Best,  Friend He who opens a school door, closes a prison. Victor Hugo School,  Door,  Prison I spent three days a week for 10 years educating myself in the public library, and it's better than college.People should educate themselves – you can get a complete education for no money. At the end of 10 years, I had read every book in the library and I'd written a thousand stories. Ray Bradbury Money,  Myself,  End Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance. Will Durant Ignorance,  Discov ery The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education. Albert Einstein Learning,  Interferes It is a thousand times better to have common sense without education than to have education without common sense. Robert Green Ingersoll Better,  Without,  SenseA human being is not attaining his full heights until he is educated. Horace Mann Human,  Until,  Full Education is a better safeguard of liberty than a standing army. Edward Everett Better,  Liberty,  Army No one has yet realized the wealth of sympathy, the kindness and generosity hidden in the soul of a child. The effort of every true education should be to unlock that treasure. Emma Goldman Sympathy,  Kindness,  True An educated person is one who has learned that information almost always turns out to be at best incomplete and very often false, misleading, fictitious, mendacious – just dead wrong.Russell Baker Best,  Person,  Learned —————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Share with your Friends Share Everyone likes a good quote – don't forget to share. ————————————————- Popular Authors Abraham Lincoln Albert Einstein Buddha C. S. Lewis Dalai Lama Eleanor Roosevelt Helen Keller John F. 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Share again! You've successfully shared using Po. st! Welcome to po. st! Powered by Po. stPrivacy Read more at  http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/topics/topic_education. html#z1aYzpTLODgGBg7Q. 99

Managing Employee Performance Essay

In an effective organization there are key aspects to take under consideration such as, communication, growth and expansion, task completion, supply the fits company’s goals, and contingency plans. These are all vital when developing a profitable organization. Once you have these established it is time to start thinking about managing employee’s performance. The internal evolvement in employees will help the longevity in an organizations success. â€Å"Google figured out how to analyze all their data to come up with a profile of the kind of manager whose team is most successful† (Noe, 2014). Along with all the data Google collected and analyzed there are also five criteria’s for effectiveness of performance managing system. In Googles attempt to excel there are some errors that can arise, but using the five criteria’s Google can make a step closer to enhancing their performance managing process. In order to gain structure in an organization there mu st be principles in place. These principles must meet a standard that can be visualized, observed and come to a conclusion. The concluded information must be in alignment with the goals of the company in order for the company to achieve their perspective goals. At Google, their objective are to find managers whose teams is most successful. There are many different ways to achieve their goal but understanding the criteria for an effective performance manager will better assist them. An effective management performance system has five criteria’s that must be maintained. These principles include fit with strategy, validity, reliability, acceptability, and specific feedback. Before expanding on these principles it is important to know why a performance management system critical to the company. â€Å"An effective performance management process enables managers to evaluate and measure individual performance and optimize productivity† (Importance of Performance, 2014). A fit for strategy is â€Å"a performance management system that should aim at achieving employee behavior and attitudes that support the organizations strategy, goals, and culture† (Noe,2014). At Google their emphasis are to develop better managers. Google has met this criterion by identifying what it is they are trying to achieve and have set up measures  to improve their managers. Validity â€Å"is the extent to which a measurement tool actually measure what is intended to be measured† (Noe,2014). By conducting a survey Google was able to evaluate the managerâ₠¬â„¢s performance levels. This allows them a foundation for analyzing and developing training plans. It is important Google to have reliability as well. What good is it to have a valid testing measure it the result are inconsistent. Reliability is something that Google needs to improve. Google has a valid way of measuring their employee’s skill level but consistency maybe something they lack. Google can use measure such as situational judgment to help improve their manager’s performance. In an article written in the Journal of Applied Psychology it states â€Å"on the basis of 102 coefficients and 10,640 people situational judgment test showed useful levels of validity that were generalizable† (Braverman). Google implementing situational judgment to their testing measures would as met the criterion not only for validity and reliability but also acceptability. Situational judgment is a practical standard of testing and has been proven to work. Google could run into some issues with collecting such data if they are not careful present what is being measured. Understanding that errors can occur will better assist Google in the performance management process. It is important not to be bias well evaluating employees. â€Å"People often tend to five higher evaluation to people they consider similar to themselves. Most of us think of ourselves as effective, so if others are like us they must be effective too. Research has demonstrated that this effect is strong† (Noe, 2014). This could cause discrimination issues and run the risk of the company having law suits and also loosing perspective employees due to bad reputation. To eliminate this factor, raters can be trained on how to avoid errors. Specific feedback is a good tool to in cooperate when dealing with employees. If the employees understand what is expected from them they will be more willing to meet those expectations. Google mangers receive training that is essential to their understanding of what objective the company wants to meet. Google has met most of the criteria for have a successful program in place. In closure, Google’s measurements to their manager’s performance levels have met most of the criteria. Their method for a successful performance manager system is a full proof way on ensuring managers has the ability to grow. This in return brings greater productivity to the company. They have established what they  want and created a survey that outline what a good leader possesses. They measures are valid and their employees understand what is expected of them. Google is still searching for ways to improve their test and situational judgment could greatly complement the techniques they already have in place. This will increase the reliability and escalate their chances on reaching their objective. Reference Braverman, E. P. Use of situational judgment tests to predict job performance: A clarification of the literature.. Journal of Applied Psychology, 730-740. Noe, R. A. (2014). Fundamentals of human resource management (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Performance Review Process & Goal Management Process Best †¦. (n.d.). . Retrieved June 23, 2014, from http://www.successfactors.com/en_us/lp/articles/optimize-performance-management.html

Public Health infrastructure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Health infrastructure - Research Paper Example No single effort toward the infrastructural development can undermine the factors which intensify the virus spread. This comprehensive approach should be supported by adequate funding, workforce, and laboratory facilities, especially where the disease is highly endemic. However, having a well praised health infrastructure is not what all needed, but it must be supported with available scientific evidence for decision making. Creating on time administration policies is also important. These policies must include prevention programs and other aspects regarding the operational research. The research process in the public health infrastructure must be more clear, specific, and effective than they are in the current scenario. The research team should conduct significant research missions regarding the means to countermand the spread of HIV/AIDS. They should adopt programs from the international research leaders like the MHRP. The U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), 1986, protected the service personnel as well as the global community by diminishing the risk of HIV infection (Uganda). Until now, MHRP has been leading the International HIV vaccine development efforts, having five research sites in Asia and Africa.

Gender in legal theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Gender in legal theory - Essay Example At a practical level, some jurists hope to improve society by studying what the law is, what it ought to be, and how it actually operates. They seek a deeper understanding behind laws seemingly unpredictable and uncertain nature. Feminist jurisprudence then is that part of jurisprudence pertaining to women. To understand the term more, Weiss and Young (2006) discussed about The Rise of Feminist Jurisprudence. They said: â€Å"The liberal feminism inherited by the womens liberation movement of the 1960s was based on emancipatory theory and sought to dismantle the positive legal barriers that had denied women equal opportunity with men. The theory behind those goals was that the rights of individuals as traditionally understood in a liberal society should transcend gender differences (McElroy, 1991). This brand of legal feminism was in many ways exemplified by Ruth Bader Ginsburg, now associate justice of the Supreme Court, who said in a 1988 speech, "Generalizations about the way women or men are . . . cannot guide me reliably in making decisions about particular individuals." (Rosen, 1993). As general counsel of the American Civil Liberties Unions Womens Rights Project in the 1970s, Ginsburg challenged laws that gave health benefits to wives of servicemen but not to husbands of servicewomen and prohibited women from engaging in certain types of business (such as running a bar) without a male co-owner. Feminists were also involved in efforts to overturn legal restrictions on contraception and abortion.† The authors also said: â€Å"The illiberal feminist legal theory (also known as "radical feminism"), which emerged during the 1980s, urges women to renounce traditional notions of rights and justice, now viewed as perpetuating male dominance. Some of the new feminists charge that the reforms achieved by "equality feminists" have dismantled protections beneficial to women

Fashion designs by Gabrielle Coco Chanel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fashion designs by Gabrielle Coco Chanel - Essay Example The essay "Fashion designs by Gabrielle ‘Coco’ Chanel" analyzes the role of Gabrielle ‘Coco’ Chanel's fashion design in the fashion history. She did not stop there as she proceeded and built a large fashion house with branches across Europe, for example, in Paris and London. Her earlier career in cloth fashion was her boutique, where she could sell casual clothes used during leisure time or designed for sporting activities. She also sold sweaters and jackets, which became very popular around the world due to the innovative stylish features she came up with. During the twentieth century, social, cultural and historical events and practices had a lot of impact on fashion and design. The designers could easily access the styles, desired designs, and the required materials. The good thing was that during the time, communication and travel across continents had been eased and one could travel across the continents. Fashions across many regions were designed in ac cordance to the tradition and believes, for example in America during the early years of republic. People preferred to reveal themselves through clothing. These people embraced liberty and democracy; their mode of expression was through fashions. As time progressed, women desired clothing that was less restrictive, offered a lot of comfort, and were reasonable. It was during these moments of fashion design revolution that Gabrielle Chanel Coco emerged; her life is funny in the way she could live in an image of herself. She changed her life story. spent most of her life perpetually changing her life story. She at times denied that she did not have brothers and sisters. She lied about her father and sometimes pretended not to remember anything about her clients. Her life was generally an interesting one. Her mind was full of fabrication (Madsen 1990). Chanel’s designs represented the desires of women and reflected the changing lives. Her work was modern and her designs contradi cted those of former designers, who often sought themes of fantasies. Hers were intended for excitement. Before Chanel’s entrance into the fashion design industry, there were others like Paul Poiret, whose designs had manifested changes in the new century; his designs did not embrace the modern life, unlike those of Chanel, who optimized hers to fit a youthful life. Her designs valued comfort and simplicity. The designs made for females could appropriately accommodate their form, since they were somewhere between being tight and loose (Koda 2005). Chanel’s wares were similar to her dressing mode; she could wear what made her look smart and clothing that brought revolution to women wear. To describe, she could wear a skirt; a trim one and a matching jacket that could stretch to the hip, had a notched collar, and squeezed slightly at her waist. It is highly notable that her costumes were recognizable just as her identity was. Her presence in a production was anonymous as she could boost ticket sales. She knew well how to make her clothing with jewelries and scuffs, something that became admirable to the young generation. She was on her style, unique from the previous fashion designers. Chanel Coco was described to be a realistic designer. In her early design life, she had decided to be wearing jersey because it was cheap. The steps Chanel had taken were amazing; from a hat designer to apparel designer. She used to borrow her design style from the men’s wear. Her approach was simple; to design clothes out of

Performance in Drama and Poetry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Performance in Drama and Poetry - Assignment Example In addition, the poem evidently demonstrates unity of action in that the activities are focused on one plotline and the illiterate protagonist. Unlike the more epic novels, spanning several plots, geographical locations, and historical eras, drama and poetry are far less overarching. For instance, in the play, A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams, Drobot (2012) said the story revolves around the protagonist, Blanche DuBois who is depicted as constantly bearing the brunt of ill-treatment, especially at the hands of Stanley. However, the other characters are depicted as playing subsidiary roles throughout the play. In light of the focus on a single item, the resulting drama and poem would always be performative. Plays and poems employ characterization, plot and mood to develop the themes, which are inherent throughout the literary piece in question. As a reader, I have noticed that unlike the narrative novels which tend to be â€Å"telling† the story from the narrator’s or the author’s view, plays and poems generally show readers the events as they unravel. As the result, I do have a feeling of a participant when reading plays and poems than when reading

What factors affect the gender pay gap in the UK industries Literature review

What factors affect the gender pay gap in the UK industries - Literature review Example Recent statistics indicate that the percentage for GPG has increased exponentially in recent times as compared to the previous five years despite the measures taken to abate the differences. Women begin to experience these wage differences with their male counterparts in their first jobs and the gap continues to widen as the women continue to rise in their careers (Blau, Brinton, Grusky, 2009, pp. 121). This literature reviews examines the different factors that have resulted in such discrepancies in the labor force in the UK. The factors contributing to gender pay gap among women in full time employment can be grouped in to four main categories namely education, experience, occupation, and unexplained factors. Over the years, the number of women accessing higher education has been minimal as compared to the number of men. This has negatively affected both employment and wage rates for women because men often most men have higher educational qualifications. As a result, women need to have slightly superior degrees, for instance a masters or a doctorate degree in order to earn the same amount as their male counterparts with only a first degree (Chant, 2010, pp. 73). The government has taken several, measures to promote higher education for women in the country and the situation is likely to be remedied in the future. Another factor related to experience is professional experience. Women tend to have less professional experience as compared to their male counterparts in similar positions. Women’s professional experience is cut down due to various factors including duration spent on maternity leaves, or time taken off to take care of children. This has in turn affected the wages and salaries that women get in similar positions held by men. One other factor that contributes to the GPG is occupation. The society generally classifies various occupations as male or female professions. Most women would therefore be

Whose Text is it Anyway Communication between author and reader Essay

Whose Text is it Anyway Communication between author and reader - Essay Example For decades, readers have fallen in love with the fairy tale novel, yet few seem to really understand it. Much like Alice spends much of the book frustrated with the happenings inside of Wonderland, the reader spends hours trying to figure out the message behind the words. Perhaps that is exactly what Carroll was aiming for. In a similar fashion, millions around the world adore the paintings of Picasso. They hang in art galleries and adorn hallways in private hallways, yet few truly understand the true meaning behind the masterpiece. In fact, volumes have been written just trying to understand what ‘each picture is saying’. Could the answer be as simple as ‘nothing’? Does an author or painter actually have to communicate an exact message via his or her work that is understandable by everyone who reads the book or looks at the painter? The simple fact of the matter is that any given text is the author’s alone. They are free to do with printed words as they please. Perhaps part of the joy that some writers receive is in knowing that many readers struggle and grapple with the meaning behind what was written. In this way, they are promoting a depth of creative and critical thinking skills that is sorely needed in society. Other writers, however, do write to a specific audience and their words are quite easy to understand in context. Even under these conditions, however, the writer retains control over what they have written and the interpretation is to be largely left up to them. This is accomplished as they use their own artistic license as a mechanism for sharing a story of idea with the reader. In addition, the writer brings their own personal experiences and ideologies to the page each time they set out to write any given text. It would be helpful to consider a classic novel in which the author writes about a fictional story that could certainly be reality. Huck Finn is a product of poor rural America. He is a character that man y people can identify with. Mark Twain, the author, certainly paints a wonderful picture with this novel. He begins by taking the reader on a journey through Southern America. There are racial undertones, class wars, and simple general mischief presented between its pages. You could ask ten different readers what social message Twain was trying to convey and you would likely get ten different ideas. This seems to be the beauty of literary license and is the reason why so many readers keep coming back to the classics, such as this one. Each time you read it, a different message seems to come to the forefront and you find yourself reliving the story all over again. This relates back to the theme of ownership and demonstrates how readers often find great job in trying to determine the purpose behind any chosen novel. That is part of the joy of reading. In answering the question of ‘Whose Test is it Anyway†, it is important to consider novels such as Huckleberry Finn. In thi s one novel, the author has created multiple themes centering on racism, slavery, morals, what role society plays in our life, and others. In addition to this, Twain touches on issues related to childhood, the way we lie and con people out of things, and he presents various superstitions and folk ideas. The reader needs no background with these issues, as Twain educates as he writes. One can easily begin to wrestle with these deeps ideas facing society, while having fun at the same time. Twain accomplishes all of this and more. In essence, he owns the reader because he has captivated them so. He can do what he wants simply because of the way in which he writes and the issues that he brings up. It is perfectly acceptable for an author to place more importance on the words

Anti trust claims Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anti trust claims - Research Paper Example The underlying questions were whether Microsoft manipulated its  application programming interfaces  (APIs) to favor Internet Explorer over third party web browsers (McMillan, 2003). The antitrust case against Microsoft set a dangerous example that foretells increasing government regulation in an industry which was formerly relatively free of government intrusion and that future technological progress in the industry will be hinder as a result. Microsoft was not really making any profits from Internet Explorer, and its marriage with the operating system was due to consumer expectation to have a browser bundled with the operating system. Instead, Microsofts true anticompetitive wallop was in the discounts it offered to Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) preventing other operating systems from getting a footing in the market. According to Microsoft the merger of Microsoft Windows and Internet Explorer was the result of  innovation  and  competition. However the browser is still a distinct and separate product which did not need to be coupled with an operating system since a separate version was available for  Mac OS. Microsoft operating systems dominates approximately 90-95% of operating systems in computers and has become an innate standard for home and business computer applications. It is fairly obvious that Microsoft is the leading firm in the market for computer operating systems. The question in the current Microsoft antitrust case is whether or not Microsoft has used its monopoly to restrain trade in violation of federal antitrust statutes (Brennan, 2002). Microsofts decision to integrate Internet Explorer into the operating system was intended to purge the competitive threat posed by Netscape and Sun Microsystems Java programming language. This action, I believe, is a natural extension of the Windows

Superstitions in Countries Essay Example for Free

Superstitions in Countries Essay A superstition is a belief in something that is irrational, non-physical and does not follow the rules of science. It is often one action that leads to another without something directly linking the two. Superstition is often associated with luck. Different superstitions often came from beliefs, religions and cultures had in the past and long have been proven wrong. It is a mystery why people dont pay attention to facts and still believe in superstitions. In Serbia Its a good idea to spill some water behind a person whos going to a job interview, headed out on a journey, or about to attempt any sort of endeavor at all. The movement of waters said to symbolize fluidity and motion; just dont spill it on their pants, as that probably wont have the same effect on the interview. In Spain Instead of kissing someone when the clock strikes 12 on New Years Eve, you should eat 12 grapes in rapid succession. Not only does this ensure the coming yearll be a lucky one, it also gives you delicious grape breath (in case you decide to kiss someone after all). In Russia Carrying an empty bucket, or even seeing someone carry one, is a bad omen. This is likely due to the fact that Tsar Alexander II was assassinated by a man with empty buckets for hands. True story. In Turkey Its a commonly held local belief that chewing gum at night is akin to chowing down on the flesh of a dead person. A minty-fresh dead person. In Japan Stabbing chopsticks straight up into your bowl of ricell cause the whole  dinner table to murmur in disapproval, as this is generally only done during funeral ceremonies. Passing food from chopstick to chopstick is a no-no for much the same reason: at funerals, family members pass the bones of the dead person with chopsticks. In South Korea Going to sleep with a fan on in an enclosed space can straight up kill you. This unfounded belief is so prevalent that electric fans are often sold with timers, to prevent accidental death due to suffocation, somehow? In India A solar eclipse pretty much means everybodys staying indoors for the duration. Just about everythings put in hibernation mode from road traffic to the stock market due to the widespread belief the suns rays are toxic during the celestial event. Some also believe that burying a sick child up to their neck during an eclipse can cure them of their ailment because science. In Afghanistan The number 39 is linked (inexplicably) to prostitution, and anyone whose phone number or license plate ends with 39 is a social pariah. People whore 39 years old often say theyre one less than 40 just to avoid the embarrassment.

Flipkart Case Study Essay Example for Free

Flipkart Case Study Essay Flipkart.com is a story of the two young computer science graduates brothers Sachin Bansal (26) and Binny Bansal (25) from IIT-Delhi 2005 batch who left their jobs in amazon.com (an American multinational E-commerce company) in 2007 with a dream to become India’s top retail Outlet In E-commerce Industry. They came up with an idea to sell books including novels online. Flip kart’s timeline shows it was to start as a price comparison platform, but there werent enough e-commerce sites to compare. So, both the Bansals, who were colleagues at IITDelhi, and then at Amazon.com, thought, â€Å"why not start an e-commerce site?† That was the genesis of Flip kart. From an initial investment of Rs. 4 Lakh this So they started to make a website, although it was a bigger task to create a website with 50,000 titles but wouldn’t be impossible for IITians†¦ so finally they created which took about a month and a half to start a basic working website with 50,000 titles and grown our catalogue to over 1 Lakh available titles. On 5th September 2007 they launched the company’s URL i.e. Flipkart.com for the first time in just an apartment room. . The website was launched on 15th Oct 2007. Flip kart is an Indian ecommerce company headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka. From a start-up with an investment of just four lakh rupees, Flip kart has grown into a 100 million revenue online retail giant in just five years. Flip kart focused on online sales of books initially. The process involved in online shopping for books has gone through drastic changes and is more secure right now. A customer could use our user-friendly web page to place an order, once the order is placed online – the book is taken off the online inventory. In case of unavailability – it will be purchased from a supplier. The Book will then get packed and couriered on the same day. Flip kart is currently tied up with around 12 courier service providers. Flip kart also use Indian Postal services to reach areas without courier providers. Logistics play an important role in our business. But it later expanded to electronic goods and a variety of other products. The key differentiators are Availability of variety of goods of various categories, online shopping experience on the site and post sales experience. Apart from this the Cash on Delivery service is also one of the main reasons which keep it apart from  other E- commerce portals. The cash-on-delivery model adopted by Flip kart has proven to be of great significance since credit card and net banking penetration is very low in India. . Flip kart offers multiple payment methods like credit card, debit card, net banking, e-gift voucher, and Cash on Delivery. IDEA Binny Bansal and Sachin Bansal saw a good opportunity in the market around e-commerce. Also, regular job was not as challenging. The excitement and satisfaction that comes with building something of a long lasting value is addictive enough for them to continue this. They started flipkart.com because they themselves felt the need for a good online book store. E-commerce sector is one of the toughest to get into in India. They believe that they can make a difference here. They wanted to create something which has a long lasting value and which we can be proud of. An attractive neutral name is what they looked for. Good domain names were hard to get. They were looking at names that did not just speak of books alone, but one that could suit any category of Products that we may add in future. Also, they wanted to have a catchy name with high recall potential. Flip kart could in simple terms mean ‘Flipping things into your Kart’. CURRENT POSITION OF FLIP KART Flip kart started with selling books. In 2010, they added to their catalogue media (including music, movies and games) and mobile phones and accessories. In 2011, product launches included cameras, computers, pens office supplies, computer accessories, home and kitchen appliances, personal care, health care, gaming consoles, audio players and televisions. In 2012, product launches includes health beauty products, Life style products which includes watches, belts, bags luggage. In November 2011, Flip kart launched a new Electronic Wallet feature that allows shoppers to purchase credit to their Flip kart account using credit or debit cards, and can subsequently be utilised to make purchases on the site, as and when required. From June 2012, Flip kart allowed people to buy toys, posters and from October 2012, Flip kart entered into apparel retailing. ACQUISITIONS MADE BY FLIPKART.COM 2010 â€Å"WE READ†, social book discovery tool 2011 MIME260, a digital content platform com 2011 Chakpak.com is a bolly wood news site that offers updates, news photos and videos 2012 Letsbuy.com is Indias second largest e-retailer in electronics. Flip kart has bought the company for an estimated US$25 million. ACHIEVEMENTS MADE BY FLIPKART.COM Flip kart owners have been featured in Business Today as one of the top 25 start-ups of 2009.They have been also nominated for Ernst and young award for the best entrepreneur of 2010. Apart from that they have been featured multiple times in start up news as well as mainstream news. Today, they are recognized as number one in the industry. As a testimony to the superior customer experience, the company has consistently recorded repeat purchase rates of more than 50%. They have also managed to get a registered buyer in every small town and city and hope to constantly improve their service standards. Flip kart’s reported sales as follows:- IN FY 2008–2009- 40 million IN FY 2009–2010- 200 million IN FY 2010–2011- 750 million IN FY 2011–2012- set to cross the 5 billion As Internet usage in the country increases and people get accustomed to making purchases online. Flip kart projects its sales to reach US$1billion by year 2014 and is aiming at generating a revenue of 50 billion (US$1billion)2015. Ranks among the countries top 30 website. Customer base of more than 2 million. 30 shipment on daily basis Daily sales have increased to 2.5 crores. POPULAR PRODUCT CATEGORIES 1. Clothing: T-shirts, Jeans, Sports Wear, Trousers, etc. 2. Footwear: Casual Shoes, Formal Shoes, Flats, Heels, etc. 3. Beauty Personal Care: Trimmers, Shavers, Soaps, Brushes, etc. 4. Mobiles Tablets: Samsung, Micromax, Nokia, Sony, etc. 5. Laptops Accessories: HP, Dell, Sony, Lenovo, Pen Drives, etc. 6. Books: Literature Fiction, Biographies, Novels, EBooks, etc. 7. Baby Care Toys: Vehicle Action Toys, Stuffed Toys, Diapers, etc. 8. Sports Fitness: Cricket, Football, Basketball, Badminton, etc. TOP BRANDS 1. Clothing: Adidas, Puma, Reebok, Lee, etc. 2. Footwear: Puma, Adidas, Reebok, Fila, etc. 3. Watches: Casio, Fastrack, Citizen, Timex, etc. 4. TV: Sony, LG, Samsung, Philips, Panasonic, etc. 5. Sports Fitness: Speedo, Nivia, Yonex, Cosco BUSINESS MODEL Creating and maintaining a person-to-person trading community Function as a value added facilitator Provide a supportive infrastructure Zero inventory without having traditional sales force Profit centers: Domestic business International business and Payment Largest online trading forum Compelling and entertaining environment Establishing trust safety programs Cost effective and Convenient trading Strong community affinity An intuitive user interface ORDER LIFECYCLE Get the item Procure from Supplier (Just-in-time) (Supplier selection) Keep Inventory (Inventory Prediction, Planning) Clean Check for sanity Pages missing, MRP printed lesser than told to you Pack the item Tamper proof, weather proof, breakage proof Select courier hand-over Courier performances vary across regions a LOT Get tracking id communicate to customer Follow-up for timely delivery Take care of returns (faulty product/user changes their mind) Minimize returns MARKETING STRATEGY Flip kart has been mostly marketed by word of mouth advertising. Customer satisfaction has been their best marketing medium. Flipkart very wisely used SEO (Search Engine Optimization) and Google Ad-words as the marketing tools to have a far reach in the online world. Flipkart.com official Face book page has close to 9 lakh likes. Flipkart recently launched a series of 3 ads with the tag line No Kidding No worries Kids were used to create the adverts to send out the message if a kid can do it, you can also do it. All in all to create a great customer experience. EXPANSION PLANS They aim at 10 times growth and eyes at $ 1Billion sales by 2015. They will look at bigger investments in their supply chain and technology. Investment will be made in large warehouses and increased automation of their process, so that the product is not delayed. They intend to enter in to various new categories and expand their current categories as well. Everything except for groceries and automobiles will be available on Flipkart in future. To go further in the value chain, Flipkart is looking at associations with a larger number of suppliers and partners, both nationally and internationally. PERSONEL ANALYSIS Great customer service Easy to use website, hassle free payment system Cash on delivery/Card on delivery mode of payment Focused on user experience ADVANTAGES Attract users to the site Provide selection Make it easy to Find Discover products Provide details to evaluate a product Description, Specifications, UGC. Price well Have to be competitive to the most obvious options Provide convenient payment options Online, COD Confirm payment CONCLUSION They started off in 2007 by setting up three centres across India without funding. Six months ago, they reached number one status. They are also four times bigger than their nearest competitor. The company started off small; today they have grown ten times over the last one year and aim to touch the Rs 400 crore mark by March 2013.

Largest global foodservice retailer

Largest global foodservice retailer 1.0 Executive Summary The report is to review on how the largest global foodservice retailer, McDonalds grew in Malaysia within the past 30 years. Since the year 1980, McDonalds USA (United State of America) has given the licensing to the Malaysia organisation. The franchising business started from Klang Valley and had expanded to the whole of Malaysia. Using the SWOT analysis, Michael Porters Value Chain and the PEST analysis, this report examine the reasons why McDonalds appears to be losing market share in Malaysia. Besides discussing the expansion of McDonalds franchise in Malaysia, the report also highlight the relationship between McDonalds and the local community and also how it benefits the local people who are behind expanding the business. 2.0 Organization Overview 2.1 The Backgrounds of McDonalds McDonalds had started by the name of Mc Bar-B-Que restaurant by two brothers, Dick and Mac McDonald in 1940. Mac Bar-B-Que had the drive-in concept, which features a large menu and car hop service. In 1948, the restaurant had shut down for three months to do a modification and subsequently, reopened in December with a new concept as a self-service drive-in restaurant. The new concept that McDonalds had applied was to guarantee that fresh food will be served in 60 seconds. Thus, this marks the beginning point of defined McDonalds as fast food restaurant in the future. The menu has been reduced to nine items as the hamburger is the core product. The success of the new business had attracted a multimixer salesman, Ray Kroc to visit the restaurant in 1954. At that time, it was a perfect opportunity for McDonalds because the brothers were looking for a nationwide franchising agent. Ray Kroc had learned the tricks of the trade and operations from Dick and Mac McDonald. Hence, this had led to the opening of the first Mc Donalds restaurant by Ray Kroc in Des Plaines, Illinois on 15 April 1955. The distinctive feature of the restaurant was the red and white tiled building with gold arches. Ray Kroc began the McDonalds global empire by expanding the restaurant to 100 branches within 4 years and had the number reached 500 restaurants in 1963. Besides that, McDonalds had captured the market in different ways. This include, by featuring the indoor seating in restaurants and also by including its own mascot, Ronald McDonald on television commercials and developing new products from time to time. 2.2 The McDonalds in Malaysia The McDonalds had decided to expand its business outside the USA in 1967, by opening the first international restaurant in Canada and Puerto Rico. The franchising business of McDonalds grew very fast globally and McDonalds had become the largest restaurant organisation in the world. When McDonalds was first introduced to Malaysia in 1980, McDonalds Corporation, and USA had granted the license to a local organisation, Golden Arches Restaurant Sdn Bhd to operate the McDonalds restaurant in Malaysia. Malaysians had gotten the first taste of McDonalds when McDonalds Malaysia opened its first restaurant in Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur on 29 April 1982. McDonalds Malaysia is expanding the business equally and currently, there are 185 McDonalds chains located nationwide. McDonalds Malaysia continues the expansion of the chain by about ten to fifteen restaurants yearly. Therefore, McDonalds Malaysia has created many job opportunities for the local people. There are over 7000 staffs in McDonalds and 120 support staff at the headquarters managing the day-to-day operations of McDonalds business. 3.0 SWOT Analysis SWOT is an acronym for the internal Strength and Weakness of a firm and the environmental Opportunities and Threats facing that firm. SWOT analysis is a widely used technique through which managers create a quick overview of a companys strategic situation. It is based on the assumption that an effective strategy derives from a sound fit between a firms internal sources (strengths and weakness) and its external situation (opportunities and threats). A good fit maximizes a firms strengths and opportunities but minimizes its weakness and threats. This simple assumption has powerful implications for the design of a successful strategy with accurately applied. 3.1 Impact of Internal Influences 3.1.1 Strength Strength is a resource advantage relative to competitors and the needs of the marketers a firm serves or expects to serve. It is a distinctive competence when it gives the firm a comparative advantage in the market place. Strength arises from the resources and competencies available to firm. 3.1.1.1 Convenience McDonalds is regarded as a convenience food because of the fast speed of serving food. With todays hectic lifestyle, it is the perfect food for anybody whos on the go, be it office workers or students. As it takes less than 5 minutes to get served, McDonalds is the preferred food for everybody. In addition, if the consumer does not want to drop by to the restaurant, McDonalds has its own delivery service, which is known as the McDelivery. Just a quick telephone call and the nearest McDonalds restaurant will deliver the food with a charge of RM (Ringgit Malaysia) 3. This saves the customers time and also the hassle of traffic jams. It also benefits working parents, as they do not worry about the hassle of preparing food for their children. 3.1.1.2 Quality Services The McDonalds in Malaysia provide the drive-thru service to ease the customers convenience as the location of McDonalds restaurant is busy and the parking lots are very limited. One of the reason people come for the fast food is because of speed. Thus, the drive-thru service is very popular, as they do not need to queue up for service. In addition, it is a norm for Malaysians to have supper at night. Before McDonald had introduced the twenty four hours operating restaurant, the only restaurant that operates a 24-hour service is the mamak stall (Indian-Muslim operating hawker stall which opens for twenty four hours). Hence, McDonalds had provide the twenty four hours service restaurant in order to satisfy Malaysian demand for supper. This is a value service that McDonalds had provide to provide to complement the Malaysians lifestyle. 3.1.2 Weakness A weakness is a limitation or deficiency in one or more resources or competencies relative to competitors that impedes a firms effective performance. 3.1.2.1 Quality of Product McDonalds had implemented a standard guideline of requirement for franchises in other parts of the world to follow, and McDonalds Malaysia is not excluded. McDonalds has strict rules, including how franchisee should operate a restaurant from controlling over the menu, cooking methods, staffing policies, design and location of the restaurant. This is one of the weaknesses of McDonalds since not every restaurant will provide the same quality of product. There are some feedbacks from consumers in the inconsistency of the taste of the food, such as the fries in certain McDonalds restaurants are too salty or tasteless. The most significant is the different taste of beef burgers served in the East and West Malaysia. This is due to the beef used in the burgers sold in sell at west Malaysian were imported. Furthermore, the East Malaysia government had discouraged the use of imported beef in restaurants. The texture between the local and imported beef is different as the imported beef is chew ier than the local beef. 3.1.2.2 Lack of Initiative on Product Development The menu in McDonalds Malaysia had remained the same in all these years. The development of product is poor and the new products were not introduced to the menu. Consumers have limited choices because there are only twelve types of main food in the menu. Eventually, customers would feel bored of the McDonalds menu. The McDonalds Malaysia used to have the Prosperity burger, but it only sold for a limited time, which is during the month of Chinese New Year. In addition, this is the only product that is promoted every year. 3.2 Michael Porters Value Chain Porter defines value as the amount buyers are willing to pay for what a firm provides. The value chain was therefore designed to display total value and consisted of the firms Value activities (defined below) and it margins. Therefore, the generic value chain for a single firm comprises three main elements which are primary activities, support activities and the margin. Primary activities are those involved in the creation of the product, its sale and transfer to the buyer as well as after-sales service. Support activities are those which support primary activities and each other. Three of these procurement, technology development and human resource management can be associated with specific primary activities while the fourth, firm infrastructure, supports the entire chain. 3.2.1 Primary Activities of value chain The goal of these activities is to create value that exceeds the cost of providing the product or service, thus generating a profit margin. This is the description of the activities that involve in primary value chain. Inbound Logistics includes warehousing, materials handling, inventory control, etc. Operations are the activities that transform inputs into finished products (eg machining, testing, packaging, equipment maintenance, etc). Outbound Logistics includes the activities that store and distribute products to buyers (eg warehousing, delivery vehicle operations, order processing, etc). Marketing and Sales are the activities that provide the means for the buyer to purchase (eg advertising, sales force operations, selection and management of distribution channels, etc). Service includes activities which enhance or maintain the value such as installation, repair, parts supply, etc). 3.2.1.1 Inbound Logistics As it is a fast food restaurant, McDonalds Malaysia tries to eliminate its cost of raw materials, namely meat, vegetables, raw foods and oil. As McDonalds Malaysia widely known, they will only choose the reputable supplier to provide raw foods to them. As McDonalds Malaysia is a huge conglomerate in Malaysia, it has no problem in attaining the raw materials as suppliers would be willingly to supply the materials to them. Compared to other restaurant operators, they are able to obtain a discount as their orders come in bulk. Furthermore, once they have acquired the raw materials, they will store the end products (meat, french fries) in the cold storage rooms at their respective warehouses in Malaysia. 3.2.1.2 Operations McDonalds Malaysia would have to convert the raw materials into end products, such as burgers and fries. As they are an internationally recognized company, McDonalds can afford to hire production and factory workers at a lower wage as the supply of factory workers are abundant. Quality control is also ensured as their machinery is checked to see whether there are any defects. Furthermore, the hygiene of factory workers are also strictly controlled as McDonalds cannot afford to allow any food poisoning or toxicity in their products. If there is any foreign element in the food products, this would cause customers to be ill and thereafter, affect the image of McDonalds Malaysia as a fast food restaurant. 3.2.1.3 Outbound logistics As it supplies their end product to the nationwide restaurants, McDonalds Malaysia would have to incur costs in transportation, namely the Lorries. The vehicles would be bought in at a discounted price, as McDonalds would need more vehicles to transport their end products to the whole of Malaysia. Gas and also servicing of the vehicles would also incur additional costs to McDonalds Malaysia. McDonalds Malaysia would find reputable car workshops to service their vehicles to ensure that they are of working condition. It is detrimental to the company if their vehicles are not in good condition as they need to deliver the end products (burgers) to the respective chain of restaurants. 3.2.1.4 Marketing and Sales McDonalds Malaysia would need to incur costs for their marketing and sales. Promotion would come in the form of leaflets that are inserted in newspaper as well as door to door. McDonalds would liaise with respective newspaper agent to promote their products. As newspaper is a wide form of media, the promotion would work as it will attract the attention of consumers. During the economic meltdown, consumers were very frugal.Realizing this, McDonalds Malaysia had publicized their Value Meal through newspaper advertisements and television commercials. It proved to be a huge success as customers had realized that it would not cost much to buy a meal in McDonalds Malaysia. Promotion in the forms of coupons are given out online and also in the forms ofleaflets. In order to increase revenue, McDonalds Malaysia had encouraged consumers to buy more by giving out discount coupons. As a result McDonalds would also have to budget for their promotional efforts for the local media sources. 3.2.1.5 Service As McDonalds strive to serve customers better, they provide value added service in the form of McDelivery. Customer service and deliver staff also play an important role in this value added service. Customer service representatives handle the customers orders, enquiries and also promote the products in McDonalds Malaysia. The delivery person has a role in delivering the food to customers and ensuring that they arrive on time. McDonalds Malaysia must also take into account the cost of the motorcycles, used by the delivery person. Regular servicing of motorcycles is needed to ensure that the vehicle is in working condition. 3.3 Impact of External Influences 3.3.1 Opportunities An opportunity is a major favourable situation in a firms environment. Key trends are one source of opportunities. Identification of a previously overlooked market segment, changes in competitive or regulatory circumstances, technological changes, and improved buyer or supplier relationships could represent opportunities for the firm. 3.3.1.1 Value Meal The economy crisis had impacted the purchasing power of consumers in Malaysia. However, McDonalds Malaysia had overcome this problem by reducing the price of the product. McDonalds Malaysia had introduced a special promotion, which is the Mc Value set. For RM (ringgit Malaysia) 5.95, the set consisted of a burger, medium sized of fries and soft drink. This had attracted a lot of customers as the price of RM5.95 is nearly equal to the price of a bowl of noodle and a beverage in most hawker stalls. Hence, many people would prefer to dine at McDonalds restaurants because of the good dining environment. During the launch of the promotion, there is only one choice in the menu on weekdays, from twelve to three oclock in the afternoon. When the response for the promotion is overwhelming, McDonalds had expanded their promotional items. Instead of one choice, the menu consisted of five choices, and the promotion is not only entitled on weekday but is available every day. This strategy was use d by McDonalds to maintain its sales during recession. 3.3.1.2 Growth and Expanding The McDonalds Malaysia chains were located mostly in the major cities. There are 185 restaurants around Malaysia and most of the restaurants are located in shopping malls and in the Klang Valley because the purchasing power in the city is regarded to be better. However, as the purchasing power in town had increased, more organisations would like to build more factories out of the city since the modal is much cheaper if compared to the city. Thus, the purchasing power will increase from time to time. 3.3.2 Threats A threat is a major unfavourable situation in a firms environment. Threats are key impediments to the firms current or desired position. The entrance of new competitors, slow market growth, increased bargaining power of key buyers or suppliers, technological changes, and new or revised regulations could represent threats to a firms success. 3.3.2.1 Competitor The major competitors for McDonalds Malaysia is KFC Malaysia (Kentucky Fried Chicken) and Burger King. Both of the brands have increased in terms of volume of the restaurant in Malaysia. Moreover, KFC have a good market share in Malaysia. Even though KFC is famous with the fried chicken, but they have different strategies in developing their product, such as developing different types of flavour of fried chicken. KFC Malaysia had localised their product to suit local taste buds, by introducing the chicken rice. This had gotten a good response as not many people had favoured fried chicken. They can either go for other KFC products such as grilled chicken, snack wrap, burger or salad. However, the slogan of KFC Malaysia, good things for all with KFC, as they are targeting different market segments, as compared to McDonalds Malaysia who only focuses on the youth market. Furthermore, Malaysia is famous with its home brand burger, which is the RAMLI burger (the burger hawker stall which is operated by Malays individually). This posed as a threat for McDonalds because RAMLI is cheaper and famous from those days before McDonalds had entered into Malaysia. 3.3.2.2 Customer Perception Nowadays, people are concerned of their health and wish to maintain a healthy life. However, McDonalds Malaysia is not alert on the above matters and still maintains the same menu without bothering about the health conscious consumers. On the other hand, Pizza Hutz and KFC are getting popular in Malaysia because Pizza Hutz had developed a new flavour, vegetable pizza while KFC have added the garden salads to the menu. Unlike McDonalds Malaysia, McDonalds USA does care about the customer needs. Salads and yoghurt have been added to the main menu. This showed that the McDonalds USA does care about the customer needs. It is dangerous for a company when it does not meet the expectations. Therefore, Mc Donalds Malaysia has to be aware about this matter or risk losing their market share. 3.4 PEST Analaysis PEST is an acronym for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological, which are used to assess the market for a business or organizational unit. The PEST analysis headings are a framework for reviewing a situation and can also be used to review a strategy or position, direction of a company, a marketing proposition, or idea. By understanding the environment in which the companies operate (external to the company and department), the advantage of opportunities can be taken and the threats can be minimized. Political The political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of businesses, and the spending power of consumers and other businesses. Economy Marketers need to consider the state of a trading economy in the short and long-terms. This is especially true when planning for international marketing. Socio-Cultural The social and cultural influences on business vary from country to country. It is very important that such factors are considered. Technology Technology is vital for competitive advantage, and is a major driver of globalization. 3.4.1 Political Factors Malaysias population comprises of many ethnic group, which includes the main three races, Malays, Chinese, Indian and other indigenous groups in East Malaysia. Therefore, Malaysians live in harmony under the slogan of One Malaysia. Thus, the stability of politics in Malaysia would attract more investors to open or expand the business in Malaysia and create more job opportunities, which in turn increase the purchasing power. 3.4.2 Economy Factors The global recession had hit the whole world at the end of 2007. This had resulted in a sharp drop in international trade and unemployment. Malaysia was not deeply affected compared to Singapore because Malaysia had learnt its lesson from the economic crisis in 1997. McDonalds Malaysia had counteract this problem by reducing the price of the product, which are the value meals mention on 3.3.1.1 and the sales is maintained well if compared to other fast restaurant who still maintain the product in the normal price. 3.4.3 Socio-Cultural Factors Malaysia is a multi-religion society and Islam is the official religion as more than half of the Malaysian population practice Islam. The people who practice Islam are known as Muslim and Muslim does not take pork. Thus, McDonalds Malaysia does not serve the pork as a respect to the religion as the majority of Malaysians are Muslim. The Muslims are the major consumers of beef, and therefore, the best selling product in McDonalds Malaysia is the Big Mac. 3.4.4 Technology Factors McDonalds Malaysia recognized the advantage of the Internet and therefore, it had notified the public about the corporate information, promotions and events. However, the McDonalds Malaysia still maintain the McDelivery order by telephone calls. This is the disadvantage for the organisation since the advancement of technology had caused the difference in consumer behaviour. Consumer would prefer to place the order online instead of calling because it would be more accurate. 3.5 Ecological Factors The ecological factors are important in a business due to the factors affect consumer behaviour. The ecological factors in McDonalds business can view by two ways which is the eco-environmental issue and corporate social responsibility (CSR). 3.5.1 Eco- environmental McDonalds Malaysia has followed the global McDonalds which examine ways of reducing material used in the production and packaging, as well as diverting as much as waste as possible from the solid waste stream. 3.5.1.1 Reduce, Reuse and Recycle In doing so, McDonalds had set the three courses of action which involved with the follow three courses of action: reduce, reuse and recycle. Reduce McDonalds will take the steps to reduce the weight and volume of packaging when serving the food. This may mean eliminating packaging, adopting thinner and lighter packaging, changing manufacturing and distribution systems, adopting new technologies or using alternative materials. On the other hand, McDonalds do continually search for materials that are environmentally preferable. Reuse McDonalds do implement reusable materials whenever feasible within the operation and distribution systems as long as that is not compromising the safety and sanitation standards, moreover the customer services and expectations which also not offset by other environmental or safety concerns. Recycle McDonalds are committed to maximum use of recycled materials in the construction, equipping and operations of restaurants. McDonalds are proud to say that they are the largest user of recycled paper in the fast food industry, applying it to such the items as Happy Meal boxes, carry out bags, carryout trays and napkins. 3.5.2 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) McDonalds Malaysia has invested a lot in the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and it does make a good business sense as the companies do not operate in a vacuum. A business does maintain a constant, interdependent relationship with the world in which or where the organization operate. 3.5.2.1 Good Works : Gift of smiles In Malaysia alone, 1 out of 600 babies is born with a cleft lip and palate. Out of the 570,000 babies born in this country, about 950 new cases are found each year. To date, there are almost 12,000 babies born with this defect and have yet to undergo corrective surgery. This is mainly due to financial constraints, parental ignorance of the available cure and in some instances, societal beliefs. McDonalds Malaysia has set a goal to instil public awareness and enable parents of these children to come forward and seek medical aid. Thus, McDonalds together with the partners, ING Insurance Berhad and Pantai Hospitals Sdn. Bhd. understand that financial constraints are a huge obstacle for many parents.. McDonalds understands the plight of these parents and would like to help by reducing their burdens. The partnership will see Pantai Hospitals Sdn Bhd undertaking corrective surgery for these children, through fundraising projects initiated by RMCC and cash contribution from ING Insurance Berhad under the Gift of Smile Programme. Together, lets give them the Gift of Smile 3.5.2.2 Sponsorship McDonalds Malaysia believes the organization would have the responsibility to give back as much as they can to the local communities. The idea of giving back is an integral part of everything the organisation doing. The McDonalds Malaysia works in the wider community to provide support and encouragement to the people who need it. All the McDonalds restaurants contribute to their local community and every year the organisation help to set up and support thousands of educational, sporting and charity programs designed to help a wide range of people and community. Consequently, McDonalds has a proactive move towards to sponsorships. McDonalds Malaysia believes the sponsorships help inspire and support Malaysians, especially for those the underprivileged to live a better life. The organisation has keen to delivering great experiences through sponsorships. 4.0 Recommendation McDonalds Malaysia is the second largest fast food franchisor in Malaysia but the business had sustained slowly in these few years. The main reason that McDonalds Malaysia gets stuck in between is because of the failure in achieving customer perception. As compared to Ramli Burger, the local burger had implements research to develop its burgers from time to time. For that reason, McDonalds Malaysia should expand the products line and focus on the youth markets as well as other age segments. By following the competitors footsteps, McDonalds should rebrand their position in the Malaysian fast food market, by not only catering for the youth but also cater to families who are health conscious and seeking value for their money. As a result, product development should be highlighted since the adults and the elderly people have much concern on their health. Moreover, fried food is hard to digest especially for older customers and infants. McDonalds can refer to what the competitors did and develop more healthy menus. It is recommended to have salad in the menu and more juices as the beverage. In addition, McDonalds can replace the vanilla ice cream with yogurt ice cream, which is very popular in the market nowadays. McDonalds Malaysia had to be more initiative in product development for achieving the consumer perception and prevent to lose the market share, as there are many competitors entering into the fast food market from time to time. 5.0 Conclusion The competitors are taking advantages with what McDonalds Malaysia missed in its business strategy. Even though McDonalds is a well known brand but improvisation is needed especially in the competitive market now. The downfall of Lehman Brothers had shown that the super brand have the possibility to fail if the business is not well managed. Hence, as consumers translates into figures in sales, all companies, regardless of any industries, should comply with their consumers expectations. A successful company is a company which can adapt to different type of environments to satisfy different type of consumers. As the saying goes, in Roman, do what the Romans do, companies should adapt to different types of culture to capture the market share in that specific country. REFERENCE LIST Daniels, D.D., Radebaugh, L.H. Sullivan, D.P. 2007, International Business Environment and Operation, 11th Edition, Pearson Education Australia Fisher, G., Hughes, R., Griffin, R.W. Pustay, M.W. 2006, International Business : managing in the Asia-Pacific, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education Australia Pearce II, J.R. Robinson R.B. 2000, Strategic Management : Formulation, Implementation, and Control, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill United States Hill, C.W.L. 2005, International Business : competing in the global marketplace, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill New York Stacey, R.D. 2007, Strategic Management and Organisational Dynamics The challenge of complexity to ways of thinking about organisations, 5th Edition, Pearson Education Great Britain Thompson, J.L. 2001, Understanding Corporate Strategy, Thompson Learning London Rosen, R. 1995, Strategic Management An Introduction, Pitman Publishing London Robson, W. 1994, Strategic Management Information Systems, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education Great Britain Thompson, A.A. Strickland III, A.J. 2004, Strategic Management : Concepts and Cases , 13th Edition, McGraw-Hill New York Perry, C. 2005, McDonalds in healthy hands, Marketing Week, September 8, pp. 24-5 Rooney, J. 2005, Defining moment, Sales Marketing Management, August, pp. 30-3 Nwogugu, M. 2004, Corporate governance, strategy and corporations law.The case of Jack-in-the-Box Inc., Managerial Auditing Journal, vol. 19 no.1, pp. 29-67 Arndt, M. 2007, McDonalds 24/7, Business Week, Nos 05/02, (Issue no. 4020), pp 65-71 Clark, N. 2007, McDonalds asking for trouble, Marketing, April 2005, p.21 Pomeroy, A. 2007, Shes lovin it (diversity at McDonalds), HR Magazine, vol. 51 No. 12, pp. 58-61 Blackhurst, C. 2005, Peter Beresford (interview), Management Today, January, pp. 28-31 Royle, T. 2005, Realism or Idealism? Corporate social responsibility and the employee stakeholder in global fast-food industry, Business Ethics : A European Review, vol. 14 no. 1, pp. 42-53 Royle, T. 2005, The union recognition dispute at McDonalds Moscow food-processing factory, Industrial Relations Journal, vol. 4 no. 4, pp318-326 http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/content/mcd/our_company/mcd_history.html viewed on 13th September 2009 http://www.mcdonalds.com.my/index.asp viewed on 17th September 2009 http://www.greenpeace.org/international/news/McVictory-200706 viewed on 1st October 2009 http://www.mcdonalds.com.my/abtus/corpinfo/history_msia.asp viewed on 1st October 2009 http://businessmanagement.suite101.com/article.cfm/what_is_value_chain viewed on 8th October 2009 http://www1.ximb.ac.in/users/fac/dpdash/dpdash.nsf/pages/BP_Value_Chain viewed on 8th October 2009 http://crmcdonalds.com/publish/csr/home/report/sustainable_supply_chain/resource_conservation/Global_Environmental_Commitment.html viewed on 8th October 2009

Brand Equity Essay -- Business, Marketing

INTRODUCTION â€Å"A brand is a distinguishing name and/or symbol intended to identify the goods or services of either on seller or group of sellers, and to differentiate those goods or services from those of competitors† (Aaker 1991).A brand is the most valuable asset for an organization in the current competing world. Every organization is formulating strategies to make its brand popular and significant not only in markets but also in minds of the customers. Brand is the relation of customer with the brand. It is promise which a company makes to the customer about the goods and service they offer (Gregg 2002) Branding involves decisions that establish an identity for a product with the goal of distinguishing it from competitors offerings which means that brand becomes an important tool for marketer as consumer use it as guideline to identify certain products and their usefulness for the customer. The value of the brand can be determined by the concept of brand equity which has emerged as the one of the key factors in understanding the brand value (Krishnan 1996). Brand Equity Over years brand equity has been the topic of interest to the marketing companies. Brand equity can help evaluate brand and provide certainty around market share expectation (Peter).The most widely accepted definition of brand equity is the value accomplished by a particular brand(Krishnan and Hartline 2001). To gain competitive advantage in marketing perspective the central theme relies on building and sustaining brand equity. Brand equity as defined by (Wood 2000) is the relation of brand with its customers. Brand equity according to (Srivastav and Shocker 1991) constitutes of brand strength and brand value. According to (Motameni, Shah... ...dom), (2) behavioral response (i.e., purchase), (3) expressed over time, (4) by some decision-making unit, (5) with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brands, and (6) is a function of psychological (decision- making, evaluative) processes. This evidence is empirically supported by an experiment designed by (Jacob 1973). According to (Delgado and Aleman 2005) brand loyaltywhich is trust in brand ultimately results in the brand equity the study was conducted in the south eastern part of Spain and resulting from 271 surveys and the results indicated that brand trust evolves from the brand reliability (the feeling that brand would meet my expectations) and brand intentions (the feeling that brand is worth enough to solve all my problems) these two things leads to brand trust which leads to repurchase of the brand resulting in brand loyalty. Brand Equity Essay -- Business, Marketing INTRODUCTION â€Å"A brand is a distinguishing name and/or symbol intended to identify the goods or services of either on seller or group of sellers, and to differentiate those goods or services from those of competitors† (Aaker 1991).A brand is the most valuable asset for an organization in the current competing world. Every organization is formulating strategies to make its brand popular and significant not only in markets but also in minds of the customers. Brand is the relation of customer with the brand. It is promise which a company makes to the customer about the goods and service they offer (Gregg 2002) Branding involves decisions that establish an identity for a product with the goal of distinguishing it from competitors offerings which means that brand becomes an important tool for marketer as consumer use it as guideline to identify certain products and their usefulness for the customer. The value of the brand can be determined by the concept of brand equity which has emerged as the one of the key factors in understanding the brand value (Krishnan 1996). Brand Equity Over years brand equity has been the topic of interest to the marketing companies. Brand equity can help evaluate brand and provide certainty around market share expectation (Peter).The most widely accepted definition of brand equity is the value accomplished by a particular brand(Krishnan and Hartline 2001). To gain competitive advantage in marketing perspective the central theme relies on building and sustaining brand equity. Brand equity as defined by (Wood 2000) is the relation of brand with its customers. Brand equity according to (Srivastav and Shocker 1991) constitutes of brand strength and brand value. According to (Motameni, Shah... ...dom), (2) behavioral response (i.e., purchase), (3) expressed over time, (4) by some decision-making unit, (5) with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brands, and (6) is a function of psychological (decision- making, evaluative) processes. This evidence is empirically supported by an experiment designed by (Jacob 1973). According to (Delgado and Aleman 2005) brand loyaltywhich is trust in brand ultimately results in the brand equity the study was conducted in the south eastern part of Spain and resulting from 271 surveys and the results indicated that brand trust evolves from the brand reliability (the feeling that brand would meet my expectations) and brand intentions (the feeling that brand is worth enough to solve all my problems) these two things leads to brand trust which leads to repurchase of the brand resulting in brand loyalty.

Shoplifting: A Hard Habit to Break Essay example -- Dialogue Essays

Shoplifting: A Hard Habit to Break Erik* walks up to me outside of the Diesel store on Newbury Street. â€Å"I needed new jeans,† he said. A little further away from the store he shows me the pants that cost about $150 in he store, he shoplifted or as he says "scooped" two pairs. Inside the bag with the pants are a few shirts and the shoes he is wearing he tells me he switched with shoes he had on. Erik is 22, he does it because he says he is feeding an addiction. His name has been changed for anonymity. â€Å"No drugs, I don’t drink, I’m in shape, but every day if I come home after work without something I have to go back out and get it,† he said. â€Å"I take things because I can’t stop,† he says. â€Å"A lot of it I end up giving away because I move a lot and I don’t need it.† Erik has lived in Boston, Washington, California, Georgia, and Florida in the last year. He’s either touring with bands or just traveling. â€Å"Right now I have a shopping list for over $300 in Banana Republic,† said Erik. â€Å"I get stuff for other people and they give me half of what it costs, I really don’t even need a real job.† According to the National Retail Security Survey and reported on retailindustry.com â€Å"total inventory shrinkage cost U.S. retailers $32.3 billion last year, up from $29 billion the year before.† $10 billion of this was attributed to shoplifting. â€Å"Most of my friends shoplift or at least they have in the past,† said Erik. â€Å"Some people ‘work for eBay’, they steal expensive things that are really random from a lot of stores. Like my friend Matt takes these boxes of drawing pens that are worth either $60 or $200 and sold them on eBay. Almost every state he’s lived in has made the transition of having them out in normal art stores to underneath Ple... ...op when she wants to. Erik has not been caught, but he knows the consequences of shoplifting. â€Å"You can go to jail for a long time if they want to put you away that bad, it’s also a federal offense so every time I’d apply for a job I’d have to say what I did.† Erik already has many misdemeanor charges in various states due to fighting. â€Å"I want to stop [shoplifting] but I can’t, most people don’t though, want to stop.† Although Jason Lane said most of the thefts are found out later on surveillance cameras retailindustry.com quotes Hayes, president of Loss Prevention Specialists, as saying that â€Å"technology is critical to maintaining low loss levels.† In their article he said, â€Å"Because shoplifters are largely targeting small, highly desirable merchandise, these retailers have increasingly turned to electronic article surveillance devices to protect their merchandise.†

John Adams :: essays papers

John Adams "The Revolution was effected before the war commenced. The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people... This radical change in the principles, opinions, sentiments, and affections of the people was the real American Revolution." In three remarkable careers--as a foe of British oppression and champion of Independence (1761-77), as an American diplomat in Europe (1778-88), and as the first vice-president (1789-97) and then the second president (1797-1801) of the United States--John Adams was a founder of the United States. Perhaps equally important, however, was the life of his mind and spirit; in a pungent diary, vivid letters, learned tracts, and patriotic speeches he revealed himself as a quintessential Puritan, patriarch of an illustrious family, tough-minded philosopher of the republic, sage, and sometimes a vain, stubborn, and vitriolic partisan. John Adams was born in Braintree (now Quincy), Mass., on Oct. 30, 1735, in a small saltbox house still standing and open to visitors. His father, John Adams, a deacon and a fifth-generation Massachusetts farmer, and his mother, the former Suzanna Boylston, were, their son wrote, "both fond of reading"; so they resolved to give bookishly inclined John a good education. He became the first of his family to go to college when he entered Harvard in 1751. There, and in six further years of intensive reading while he taught school and studied law in Worcester and Boston, he mastered the technicalities of his profession and the literature and learning of his day. By 1762, when he began 14 years of increasingly successful legal practice, he was well informed, ambitious, and public spirited. His most notable good fortune, however, occurred in 1764 when he married Abigail Smith. John Adams's marriage of 54 years to this wise, learned, strong-willed, passionate, and patriotic woman began the brilliant phase of Adams family history that produced their son John Quincy, his son Charles Francis, his sons Henry and Brooks, and numerous other distinguished progeny. In 1761, John Adams began to think and write and act against British measures that he believed infringed on colonial liberties and the right of Massachusetts and the other colonies to self-government. A pamphlet entitled A Dissertation on the Canon and the Feudal Law and town instructions denouncing the Stamp Act (1765) marked him as a vigorous, patriotic penman, and, holding various local offices, he soon became a leader among Massachusetts radicals. Although he never wavered in his devotion to colonial rights and early committed himself to independence as an unwelcome last resort, Adams's innate conservatism made him determined in 1770 that the British soldiers

Analyses on Different Recruitment and Selection Approaches

Analyses on different recruitment and selection approaches and case study Abstract This report introduces several methods recruitment and selection approaches in HRM and discussed their advantages and disadvantages, as well as cultural differences. While external recruitment is applied widely, internal recruitment is better used in large scaled companies. Personal reference can be applied in emergency situation regardless of its drawbacks. 1. 0. Introduction The importance of recruitment and selection cannot be overstated. The recruitment and selection policies and practices can be perceived as integral.Recruitment and selection not only seek to attract and select applicants for a certain position to achieve the certain objective or strategic goals, but may also have significant influence on the whole composition of the workforce (Beer et al. 1984). There is no perfect recruitment and selection method for every situation. In this report, approaches of recruitment and selection are in troduced and discussed. Recruitment in HRM is defined as â€Å"the different activities of attracting applicants to an organization, and the selection of people to fill vacancies. † (Bloisi, 2007: p. 07) and selection is defined as â€Å"the process ‘by which managers and others use specific instruments to choose from a pool of applicants’† (Bratton and Gold, 2003: p. 221). 2. 0. Analyses on different recruitment and selection approaches In this section, approaches of recruitment and selection are both discussed. Section 2. 1 mainly highlights internal recruitment approaches and cultural differences through the process. Section 2. 2 focuses on some traditional selection approaches and personal reference, illustrating their application, pros and cons. 2. 1. Recruitment approachesRecruitment in HRM includes two important parts: job analysis and person specification. The ultimate target is to combine these two parts, thus selecting the right person for the ri ght position. To accomplish this goal, two basic methods are introduced: internal recruitment and external recruitment. They both have their own pros and cons, and should be carefully applied to different situation. To better analyse the problem, this section only focuses on the methods of internal recruitment approaches. In addition, since the cultural influences on recruitment should never be underestimated especially, arguments are also made in this section.Looking for the right person for a vacancy within company can not only reduce advertisement fees on media, but also provide a good way for current staff to further considering about and acting on their careers in the company, improving their passion for career. The relationship between internal and external recruitment can be viewed in two perspectives: substitute and complementary (Matias-Reche et al. 2006). Today’s large number of staff that are considered as good candidates in internal promotion and reassignment are contingent workers who are initially hired for multiple results.According to studies and research, relationship between the proportion of contingent workers and the level of internalisation of employment practices within company is complementary and positive (Abraham 1990; Gramm and Schnell 2001; Ko, 2003). For these contingent workers, they already had some basic knowledge both for their current job and the company, thus making the further investment and especially trainings fewer, compared with those on a new employee. This advantage is more evident in large scaled companies, since there would be much more rules and standards for operation to learn in big companies (Matias-Reche et al. 006). However, for small companies, the save on further training may not seem evident and the promotion of these contingent workers has possibility of triggering dissatisfaction among current workers, who have managed to enter the company through formal recruitment process. It also reduces the possi bility of outside recruitment, narrowing down the range of choice of HRM. For large scale companies especially international conglomerates, cultural difference should also be taken into accounts in recruiting.Realistic job preview, which has been regarded as one of classical techniques used in recruitment in Western, turned out to be a moderately important one in Taiwan (Hsu and Leat 2000). This fact may result from that in late 1990s, realistic job preview was still new for Taiwanese, and companies were not willing to expose too much and too explicitly about themselves especially those negative information. 2. 2. Selection approaches Traditional selection process include application forms, shortlist, interviewing and etc.These fundamental methods can help HR managers get to know the applicant in a short time. As information is clear, there is no need to consider cultural differences in these processes. However, to cater HR managers’ expectancy, the content in application for m or the answers in interview can be exaggerated by applicants, which can hardly be distinguished immediately. A survey in 1985 showed that over 85% applicants in the USA have ever tried to â€Å"polish† at least one critical item on their CVs (Li 2006). In this way, background investigation can be used to diminish such situation.However, as background investigation can cost a lot manpower and material resources, it’s only preferred in final selection (Li 2006). Interview is one of the most frequent selections in practice. Through observation and communication, HR managers can evaluate the applicant both rationally and emotionally. While questions about applicants can be answered immediately, applicants can get to know the company by asking back, which provide a multi-way communication. However, a well-structured interview requires well preparation and due to limited interviewees at one time, the whole interview can last for a long time.Also, biased opinions may be mad e by interviewers who are inclined to be attracted by certain personal traits, which don’t have much relation to the job requirement. Personal reference is also an efficient way especially when the vacancy is an emergency. The applicant recommended by current staff is usually more acknowledged with the whole situation, job description and proper expectation to the company than an applicant who just â€Å"hears of† the company, which can decrease the length of adaptive phase, being more suitable for emergency.Also, being responsible for the company, the referrer is always cautious and considerate when s/he recommends. However, it also has disadvantages. The authenticity of applicant is not as high as those selected through applicants’ pool, increasing the possibility that the ability of applicant is exaggerated by referrer as a result of personal relationship. Furthermore, the position of referrer is also play an important part in the selection, and even in futur e work, especially when the referrer is in comparatively high position. Problems can appear as the manager of the applicant (future subordinate) has o consider more on punishment or critique for the referrer’s sake. Last, not all positions are suitable to this method. When it comes to managerial and professional recruitment, companies usually prefer to use external recruitment such as advertisement in the media and direct applications more frequently (Hsu and Leat 2000) since the skills and professions can easily be distinguished in those selection process. Culture differences still exist in selection especially in Eastern cultures, where guanxi (a personalized networks of influence) relationship can influence the choice especially for entry-level positions (Fan, 2002). . 0. Reward strategies on real-life job advert 3. 1. Case description In the case, the company is looking for an ideal junior executiv. S/he has to work 37. 5 per week, in which 4 days in PR and 1 day Marketin g, which means that s/he has to be both capable of these two fields. His/her job is to support the Head of PR to increase public awareness and understanding of the organisation as well as assist the Marketing Manager in developing marketing materials and literature . The salary is ? 18,000 per year and base in London. No specific potential career development is mentioned. . 2. Reward strategies For new comers, the most important reward may not have to be material one since most of them are young. Good opportunity and promising future both in promotion in the company and in this working field seem more attractive. Thus, professional work trainings and expected promotion are good rewards. Besides, since this job first requires the staff to do both works in PR and Marketing, the company can offer the free choice of either of these two fields to the staff as a reward after working for a certain period of time.This would not only be beneficial to the staff, but also better for the compan y to develop talent. Also, emergencies and accidents often happen in PR field especially in important events. Rewards can be offered to the staff when the accidents are solved perfectly and more importantly, if s/he finds a perfect way to prevent the accidents from happening again. This evaluation of performance is also in accordance to LeBoeuf (1984)’s ten ways to motivate staffs. The company wish the staff to be able to work during evenings and weekends when it is necessary.As a reward, extra vacations and bonus can be offered according to staff’s performance and the scale of the project. Also, as the staff is supposed to be working overtime, a supplement life insurance and annual physical exam can be provided, as research shows that they are also top choices in rewards and perks (www. hrmguide. com). 4. 0. Conclusion The methods for recruitment and selection should be considered in different situations. Specifically, cultural differences should be taken into conside ration. For entry-level jobs, the material reward is not most important.Leaving more space for the staff to grow and showing respect to his/her choice is also a way of reward. References Abraham, K. G. 1990. , Restructuring the employment relationship: the growth of market-mediated work arrangements, in Abraham, K. G. and McKersie, R. B. (Eds), New Developments in the Labour Market: Toward a New Institutional Paradigm , MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, p 85-120. Beer, M. et al. , 1984. Managing Human Assets, New York: Free Press. Fan, Y. 2002. Guanxi’s consequences: Personal gains at social cost. Journal of Business Ethics, 38 ,p. 371–380 Gramm, C.L. and Schnell, J. F. 2001, The use of flexible staffing arrangements in core production jobs, Industrial and Labour Relations Review 4 (2), p 245-258. Hsu & Leat, M. 2000. A Study of HRM and Recruitment and Selection Policies and Practices in Taiwan. Int. J. of Human Resource Management 11(2) p. 413-435 Ko, J. R. (2003, Contingent and internal employment systems: substitutes or complements?. Journal of Labour Research, 24 (3), p 473-490. Li, D. , 2006. The Recruitment and Selection Methods in HR. Science and Technology Literature Press LeBoeuf, M. , 1984.How to Motivate People. Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd Matias-Reche, F. , & MarFuentes-Fuentes, M. , 2002. The Internal Labour Market and The Employment of Temporary Help Workers in Spain. Personnel Review, 35 (4) p. 378 – 396 Appendix (including job advert) The Sick Children's Trust – PR ; Marketing Junior Executive http://www. graduate-jobs. com/job/the_sick_childrens_trust_pr_and_marketing_ju nior_executive_50615 Salary: ?18,000 Location: London Date posted: 2 November 2012 Job start date: 7-Jan-2013 ————————————————-Application close date: ————————————†”———- 17-Nov-2012 The Sick Children's Trust – PR & Marketing Junior Executive (Four days PR and one day marketing) Hours:  37. 5 per week/FT (Four days PR and one day marketing) Reports to:  Head of PR Job purpose †¢ To support the Head of PR in the development and implementation of a successful media relations programme to increase public awareness and understanding of the organisation †¢ To assist the Marketing Manager in developing marketing materials and literatureResponsibilities †¢ †¢ Assist Head of PR in securing maximum publicity of community events, SCT events, corporate support †¢ Ensure that high quality news releases and statements on the organisation’s activities are researched, produced and disseminated to appropriate media contacts to generate maximum coverage   †¢ Develop and maintain relationships with targeted media contacts †¢ Assist the Head of PR on publicity of national campaigns and fundraising appeals when necessary †¢ Assist on the night of events by assisting Head of PR in o-ordinating press activity and ensure photo-calls are organised where appropriate †¢ When needed assist the Head of PR in rolling out the social media campaign and updating SCT website †¢ Assist Head of PR in celebrity liaison role. †¢ Assist the Marketing Manager on the design and production of marketing materials and literature such as the Direct Mail, Annual Report, Newsletter and charity promotional literature and merchandise. General †¢ Represent the organisation at agreed events organised by the organisation and others e. g. aunches on behalf of the organisation †¢ Build an understanding, as far as possible, of the work, requirements and priorities of the other department teams Administration †¢ Take responsibility for own administration, including filing and handling a range of telephone enquiries †¢ Ensure that The SCT’s internal data base is kept up to date and add media and celebrity contacts according to the database policy †¢ Ensure media/photo consent forms are completed and filed Duties may vary from time to time with development of the post.The post holder will be required to carry out such duties as receiving general telephone enquiries and dealing with general office administration as befits a small office environment. Experience †¢ Degree educated, preferably in relevant subject such as English, Media or Communication Studies (E) †¢ Experience of managing own workload effectively, planning and organising a number of projects at one time to set timescales (E) †¢ Experience of working effectively without close supervision, dealing with problems as they arise (E) †¢ Experience of working in the voluntary sector (D)Abilities ; Skills †¢ Able to produce correspondence and written work using good compositional skills and to produce accurate work to a high standard at all times (E ) †¢ Good oral communication skills (E) †¢ Able to prioritise workload and manage own time effectively to meet deadlines (E) †¢ Can communicate clearly and assertively with a wide range of people at all levels (E) †¢ Ability to generate and identify hard news angles and react where possible (D) †¢ Ability to think creatively (D) Ability to develop and maintain sensitivity, respect and understanding of people linked with the organisation (E) †¢ Uses initiative to perform tasks well and demonstrate pro-active thinking(E) †¢ Work as part of a Team (E) Knowledge †¢ Kowledge of Microsoft Office software in particular, Word, PowerPoint, Excel and Outlook, In-design, PR Max and Photoshop (E) †¢ Good working knowledge of how the media works, including social media (E) †¢ Good working knowledge of marketing (E)Education/Training †¢ Educated to A Level standard at least including English (E) †¢ A journalistic qualification would be a n advantage (D) Other Requirements †¢ Able to work evenings and weekends when necessary (D) †¢ Commitment to work within the principles of the equal opportunities policy (E) †¢ Results orientate approach to working (E) †¢ Represent The SCT according to the values of the organisation (E)