Discussing the character of Charles Darke Essay Example for Free

Discussing the character of Charles Darke Essay Charles Darke is a character of huge importance in the novel because he embodies so many of the novels themes and is key to Stephens recovery after his loss of Kate and future journey. Events involving Charles Darke are not only significant to the plot but also teach the reader a lot about the movement of time and the confusion and issues surrounding childhood. The readers introduction to Darke shows him as a successful man in his publishing firm who has managed to acquire respect and power (New York and Frankfurt were on the line) however as the introduction continues the reader begins to see that under the surface he has a more childish side to him as he relishes receiving attention: making expansive remarks to a young writer was one of the more desirable perquisites to his profession. Even before his breakdown his youthful nature is evident for example choosing his political career is described as a parlour game. Darke is one of the characters that McEwan uses to present the major theme of childhood and adulthood, there is a constant conflict present within Darke of being a child and of being an adult. His successful political career shows that he must have debating skill and great intellect however at the same time his juvenile personality also breaks through. Having acted as a parental figure after the loss of Kate it is tragic that he should regress so rapidly away from reality. It is not only Darkes contrasting personality which warns the reader of what may occur later, he is obviously unsettled as shown by his rapid career moves and house move from Eaton Square to the countryside. Thelma also describes to Stephen how he lost his mother and had a cold upbringing with his father suggesting that Darke did not experience childhood at all. Charles Darke also jumped straight into being a successful and married businessman therefore missing out on important lessons that many adults learn through their mistakes. Just before the reader is introduced to Darke there is even a subtle echo of what will happen later as Stephen describes a picture: a grim-faced crow with a stethoscope round its neck taking the pulse of a pale young boy who appeared to have fallen out of a tree. Darke shows the reader a disquieting reaction to time because instead of moving forwards he moves backwards, the reader sees personal and sometimes eerie moments involving Darke, these help McEwan to show the reader what a precious state childhood is and how time cannot be manipulated. Darke also embodies the theme of politics. Not only does he move the political plot forward by getting Stephen onto the committee but he is also the reason that Stephen meets the Prime Minister. The novel was written during the Thatcherite era of the 80s and this is clearly reflected in the tone of the book and McEwans opposition to this right-wing rule. Stephen Lewis is cynical about the Conservative views that Darke has decided to take on and the short, abrupt syntax that McEwan uses emphasizes his suspicions of the government in power. It is a cruel irony that, like the Beggar Girl, Charles eventual death is a result of his political career and the harsh culture surrounding him. Different opinions can be taken on what Darkes specific role is within the novel. He clearly is important for McEwan to carve in the political aspect of the novel and McEwans own political views however his regression back into childhood carries a much more complicated message. The title of the book The Child in Time at first may seem to describe simply Stephens loss of Kate however one can go much deeper and find that perhaps what McEwan is trying to show the reader is Stephen and Darkes search for their own child in time. While Stephen searches constantly for the physical Kate he also looks for her in time through memories and visions of her growing up. Darkes search for the child in time is different, he has had no childhood of his own so he searches for it and eventually finds it by regressing into boyhood. On the surface McEwan presents this as a natural step but it is actually quite disturbing and this is shown by the smile on his face at death. The conflicts within Darke show the reader the bitter sweet nature of childhood, while Darke is happy and carefree he also believes himself invincible and this eventually causes his death. Charles Darke is also important for the readers understanding of Stephen Lewis. It is because of Darke that Stephen meets Thelma who is important as she looks after both of the characters and gives the reader another way to look at time. The reason that Thelma chooses Stephen as the one person who she allows to see Charles after his breakdown is because she knows that he will not judge or condemn and it is important for the reader to know this feature of his character. Stephen has experienced loss and thought endlessly about childhood and is therefore understanding about Darkes regression. The reader also learns about Stephen through the contrast of the characters. Darke becomes part of the right wing government while Stephen is saddened by the two tribes in the Supermarket. Stephen sees Charles Darkes death first hand and this may help him reach an understanding about his loss of Kate because he has to come face to face with the reality that she too maybe dead. The fact that Darke dies with a smile on his face may remind Stephen that if Kate is dead then she has at least died in a happy part of her life and has not yet lost her innocence. Darkes relationship with Thelma can also be contrasted with Stephens relationship with Julie. As the novel progresses Thelma becomes more and more of a mother figure to Darke and her older age implies that it has never been a marriage of passion and deep love but one of a mutual understanding, acceptance and care. In contrast to Darkes seemingly sexless marriage Julie and Stephen have a much more real and natural relationship where there high points and low points are kept private and by the end their genuine love for one another is clear. Darke offers McEwan the means to show the reader his themes of time, childhood and politics but he also has deeper significance. Darke shows the reader how childhood, or the lack of it, effects ones whole life and how reaching adulthood is a continuous process that may never end. The search for The Child in Time by Darke is an emotional and metaphorical journey that eventually liberates him from the stresses and pressures of his hectic work life even if it does ultimately cause his death.

Mcdonalds An Overview Of Company Commerce Essay

Mcdonalds An Overview Of Company Commerce Essay McDonalds is the number one worldwide foodservice retailer with over 33,000 local restaurants. These restaurants are located in 119 countries and together they manage to serve approximately 68 million people each day. McDonalds brand mission is to be our customers favorite place and way to eat. McDonaldsd worldwide operations are aligned around a global strategy called the Plan to Win, which center on an exceptional customer experience People, Products, Place, Price and Promotion. We are committed to continuously improving our operations and enhancing our customers experience (mcdonalds.com). They also have seven specific values which are: placing customer experiences at the core of all they do; staying committed to their people; Believing in the McDonalds system; operating their business ethically; giving back to their communities; growing their business profitably; and lastly continually striving to improved (mcdonalds.com) McDonalds HR Planning Their vision is to be the worlds best quick service restaurant experience. (McDonalds) In order to achieve this mission McDonalds follows three worldwide strategies which are to be the best employer for its people in each community around the world, to deliver operational excellence to its customers in each of its restaurants, and to achieve enduring profitable growth by expanding the brand and leveraging the strengths of McDonalds system through innovation and technology (McDonalds). McDonalds worldwide operations are aligned around a global strategy called the Plan to Win, which center on an exceptional customer experience People, Products, Place, Price and Promotion. McDonalds targets every age group, not only through the menu of their restaurants itself but also through programs, partnerships and sponsoring. They developed a healthy growing up program designed to encourage children from kindergarten through third grade to adopt lifelong habits of good nutrition, exercise and positive-esteem. McDonalds also partnered with the American Library Association to encourage families to read together through local libraries and they sponsored this animated, anti-substance abuse television special, which was broadcasted on every major network in North America. (McDonalds) Mc Donalds products include a wide variety of their very affordable menu options; mainly hamburgers, cheeseburgers and fries. They compete internationally, nationally, regionally as well as with local retailers of food products. Their competitors include Burger King, Wendys, Hardees, Taco Bell, and KFC. Their competition is on the basis of pricing, convenience and services. The SWOT analysis displays McDonalds strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats as an enormous fast food restaurant. Its strengths include: leader in the quick service sandwich industry, brand recognition, strongest international presence and highest worldwide sales, real-estate holdings, easily recognizable product, variety of sources of income, and franchise business model. Its weaknesses are: continuous struggles in offering value-priced items and expensive items, and high employee turnover rate. Their opportunities include: growth in the food- service industry, initial public offerings in other countries , and acquisitions of other restaurants and retail sales of merchandise. The threats of McDonalds are: increased competition from various industries, health conscious consumer trend, value-conscious consumer trend, saturation of US fast-food market, slow growth in the sandwich segment, and price war business practices. (McDonalds) After identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the company, McDonalds developed a corporate strategy that encompassed a growth strategy- adding restaurants through people and capital resources, maximizing sales profit through better operations, reinvestment, product development, effective marketing and lower development costs, and improving international profitability. (McDonalds) Currently McDonalds operates in 119 countries, added about 650 stores in Asia/Pacific, 550 in Europe, and 350 in Latin America in the year 2000 with plans to add more during 2001. (McDonalds) However, recently McDonalds began diversifying their successful restaurant business by operating several restaurants concepts, such as Aroma cafà ©- a small chain of coffeehouses serving prepared sandwiches and pastries, Chipotle Mexican Grill- a fresh max grill serving gourmet burritos and tacos and Donatos Pizza- a restaurant business that sells pizza, subs and salads. McDonalds also welcomed Boston Market, a U.S.chain specializing in fresh, convenient meals. (McDonalds). Staffing To ensure that the business is successful and customers are happy McDonalds has to recruit, select and retain a lot of employees through advertisements of vacancies in the actual McDonalds restaurants, local job centers, career fairs and other local facilities. (McDonalds) It is vital to use effective hiring material with a clear message targeted at the right audience because according to McDonalds, customer satisfaction begins with the attitudes and abilities of employees. Effective workers are the best route to success. (McDonalds) After interviewing applicants for the job, managers evaluate the responses received then the employees attend a welcome meeting where the company gives an overview of the job role, food hygiene and safety training, policies and procedures, administration, benefits and training and development. (McDonalds). To ensure employee satisfaction McDonalds provides health insurance benefits to full-time employees and a 10% raise in salary is rewarded on the basis of performance and a 20%increment is given at any time of the year once performance is outstanding (McDonalds). McDonalds human resource management system also includes K/3 HR personnel management, payroll management and report module, as well as performance management, employee capacity quality module (McDonalds). Training Development McDonalds can be recognized for its rigorous approach to ensuring effective training and the successful development of each of their employees. It is not uncommon for employees to begin their careers at McDonalds as restaurant workers or crew, as the company would refer to them, and to continue to develop on their paths eventually reaching levels such as management and executive positions (mteliza.mbs.edu). McDonalds begins training its employees by preparing them to serve in-store customers, and extends to the grooming of future managers as well as future franchise owners. Recently McDonalds has added elements to enhance their training and development program by improving their leadership training, and fine tuning the companys coaching and mentoring processes (auaboutmcdonalds.com). To ensure the effective training of their team, McDonalds created their very own Global Training Center. Hamburger University was founded in the basement of a McDonalds restaurant by a former Senior Chairman in 1961, and has since grown to see more than 500 students each year, and to have over 80,000 restaurant managers, mid-level managers, and owners graduate from its program. Being the first restaurant company to ever design such a facility for the development of their employees and the enhancement of their companys quality of service. According to the McDonalds corporate website, Since its inception, training at Hamburger University has emphasized consistent restaurant operations procedures, service, quality and cleanliness. It has become the companys global center of excellence for McDonalds operations training and leadership development (aboutmcdonalds.com). Hamburger University employs 19 full-time professors with adequate restaurant and management experience teaching students how to be successful in various roles throughout the business. Training for McDonalds employees is tailored to their desired career path within the business. The crew development curriculum was developed by the university and is facilitated in the restaurant; this is specifically designed for restaurant support staff as well as restaurant managers. Shift and Systems management courses have been designed for future managers to attend in one of the many regional training centers McDonalds has for its employees. Managers must complete these courses before they are given the opportunity to attend Hamburger University where their skills will be further developed, and they will be given the expertise necessary to run a multi-million dollar restaurant (trainingmag.com). Business consultants and department heads will begin a path of development designed for mid-level managers. Focusing on leadership and communication skills, this curriculum teaches individuals to coach as well as consult with others to ensure the successful operation of the business. The executive curriculum at Hamburger University provides courses that build upon the leadership skills necessary for the optimal support of employees. Executives are also provided with knowledge about the skills needed to effectively deal with restaurant owners/operators, as well as sales growth. According to McDonalds, Career Development at McDonalds combines a focus on personal growth and development with talent management objectives in order to help employees to perform at their very best while experiencing personal career satisfaction (aboutmcdonalds.com). Performance Management As a global company servicing many countries and cultures around the world, McDonalds does not share a certain set of standards for its performance management at international locations. Because cultures differ, management styles as well as the idea of what peak performance should look like varies with each location. Performance appraisals are measured differently, globally. McDonalds attempts to drive a High Performance Culture within the company and to tie rewards to results. In order to accommodate the differences that can be seen in the measurement of performance at a global company such as McDonalds, as procedure was set in place by the company. The company designed a Performance Development System. In this system the distribution of rewards are based on individual performance. The process includes and Individual Performance Plan, Individual Development Plan, and a Mid-Year Review. This process ensures that the level of performance of employees is reflective of the expectation o f the location of the employee as well as the specific expectations of the managers at a given location. Employee Relations Employee relation is the relationship between employer and employee and the way employees feel about all aspects of the job. By providing more in depth information about the company in this project, we hope to change the view of what employment at McDonalds is like and show that McDonalds employee relations is top notch in this industry. Firstly, we all know that the perception of a McDonalds job is not very good; in fact a McJob according to Merriam-Webster dictionary is a low-paying job that requires little skill and provides little opportunity for advancement. This view of a McDonalds job is what we have grown to know and believe, however, within the organization employees appear to think just the opposite. Employee satisfaction at McDonalds has been rated consistently at 80% or above which clearly implies a good employee employer relationship. In an article from McDonalds titled Employee-first Approach Pays Off for McDonalds  Canada, it states that in a recent survey of about 42,000, 84% strongly agreed that they felt valued as an employee and 86% were proud to be working at McDonalds. In another survey from McDonalds employees in its nine largest markets, 84% of them would recommend working at McDonalds. McDonalds management was faced with the challenge of identifying McDonalds Employment Value Proposition (EVP). Results came in from 55 countries and about 10,000 employees about what they love most about working at McDonalds. From the answers from its employees McDonalds identified three themes, Family Friends, Flexibility, and Future. Despite what a McJob may look like from the outside, McDonalds has great employee relations and employees enjoy their jobs and are satisfied. Compensation Benefits Compensation and benefits can be a major factor when it comes to deciding what job is right for you. Despite popular belief, McDonalds, with regards to its lucrative compensation and benefits package is an ideal employment option for many people across the globe. Medical, Dental, Profit Sharing, Vacation, Sabbatical Program, Employee and dependent life insurance, Incentive Pay, Recognition Programs are some of the said compensation and benefits that McDonalds offers its employees. One of McDonalds benefits is the McDonalds Profit Sharing and Savings Plan, which is a 401k plan. In this plan McDonalds prepare their employees for life after retirement. In an online report from McDonalds, it is said that they have a participation rate of 93% of its eligible employees enrolled in this program. In this plan, employees contribute 5% and McDonalds matches that with 7% contribution. Also, depending on the companys performance an addition 4% may be added to bring the companys contribution towards the employees 401k to 11%, which was the case from 2006 through 2008. Another one of McDonalds compensation and benefit is their education assistance. According to their website, eligible employees can receive up to 5,250 a year for grades C and above. Another excellent incentive McDonalds offer is their Child Care assistance where employees receive discounted tuition rates for their children. As a result of McDonalds efforts with this compensation and benefits program McDonalds UK as reduced turnover rate by 20% according to their online report. McDonalds obviously recognizes that their employees need to feel valued and thus they have come up with this extensive package to attract and keep their employees. Employee Surveys Each year, many publications and organizations conduct surveys, polls, and benchmarking studies to determine which companies are doing noteworthy work in the area of inclusion and diversity. McDonalds has a proud history of being the recipient of many of these awards, some on a recurring basis. Awards include the following: Working Mother Magazine, Top Companies for Multicultural Women, 2011 2010, Black Enterprise Magazine, 40 Best Companies for Diversity, 2011; Latina Style Magazine, Best Companies for Hourly Workers, 2011; Diversity MBA 50 Out Front for Diversity Leadership: Best Places for Diverse Managers To Work 2011; Executive Leadership Council, Corporate Award, 2010; Fortune Magazine, 50 Most Powerful Women Jan Fields (#25), 2010; Latina Style, Best 10 Companies for Latinas to Work, 2010; Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, Avoice Corporate Award, 2010; Black Enterprise Magazine, 40 Best Companies for Diversity, 2010; Hispanic Business Magazine, Top 10 Diversity Elite Co mpanies, 2010; PODER Magazine, Top 25 Franchises for Hispanics, 2010; Top 6 Companies for Hourly Employees, Working Mother Magazine, 2010; Top Supplier Diversity Program for Women, Professional Woman Magazine, 2010; Best Company for Promoting Asian Pacific Americans to Develop Workforce Skills, Asia Society, 2010 (aboutmcdonalds.com). Each year, McDonalds Canada conducts internal employee surveys to get feedback on how well the company is doing. The most recent survey of nearly 42,000 people showed that 84% agreed or strongly agreed that they felt valued as an employee of McDonalds, and that 86% said they were proud to be working at McDonalds. From an employer image perspective, it was the second major award of the season for McDonalds Canada, which also earned a nod as one of Canadas 10 Most Admired Corporate Cultures. Conducted on behalf of the National Post by Waterstone Human Capital, a leading retainer-based search firm, the results of the survey of 340 Canadian executives showed how strong leadership drives corporate culture and how culture drives performance. McDonalds Canada was a first-time recipient of this prestigious distinction, which was based on the following criteria: vision and leadership, cultural alignment, measurement and sustainability, rewards, recognition and innovative business achievement, corporate performance, and corporate social responsibility. McDonalds and their independent franchisees employ more than 1.7 million people worldwide they are the face of our brand and differentiate us from the competition. McDonalds has been recognized as a great place to work in more than 30 of the markets in which they do business. For instance, the following include awards and recognition under Brands: 2011 Most Innovative Food Companies, 2012 #4 Most Valuable Global Brand, 2012 #7 Worlds Most Powerful Brand and 2012 #7 Best Global Brand (aboutmcdonalds.com). In the category of leadership, Fortune states the following recognition and awards: 2012 #11 Most Admired Company in the World, Ranked #2 among all companies for Management Quality, Ranked #2 among all companies for Global Competitiveness, Ranked #1 among all companies for Use of Corporate Assets, Ranked #4 among all companies for Best Long-Term Investment, Ranked #2 among all companies for Financial Soundness, Ranked #4 among all companies for People Management, and McDonalds also ranked #1 in the Food Services category (aboutmcdonalds.com). Safety and Wellness Safety and Wellness can be best described as the following: Employee wellness focuses on the ability of women and men to secure a decent and productive employment in working conditions that support freedom, equity, security and dignity so the companys economic growth benefits all. Employee Wellness also touches on areas such as compensation and benefits and the use of appropriately aged labor. McDonalds supplier has gone beyond the basic obligations of law and McDonalds Supplier Code of Conduct to proactively support the well-being of their employees. Regardless of the fact if its a quick breakfast, lunch on the go or dinner with the kids, customers come to McDonalds for quality food at a great value. McDonalds goal is to continuously improve our classic offerings and increase the number and variety of new options that deliver the great taste and balance our customers seek (aboutmcdonalds.com). Unfortunately, there continues to be a major concern about juvenile diabetes, obesity rates and related risks to human well-being among consumers, governments, non-governmental organizations, and health and nutrition experts. McDonalds response is the following: We take these issues seriously and are working to do what we can to positively influence the situation. We know we cannot address this problem alone, but we are committed to being part of the solution (aboutmcdonalds.com). With guidance from their Global Advisory Council (GAC), McDonalds continue to evolve their overall approach, while supporting their individual markets in meeting the specific needs and requirements of their local cultures and governments. Since 2004, the GAC has provided McDonalds guidance on key areas such as global nutrition labeling, McDonalds What I Eat, What I Do childrens well-being platform, the development of internal metrics to gauge our progress, and approaches for motivating children to eat more fruits and vegetables (aboutmcdonalds.com). An organization tries to create and maintain a safe and healthy workplace for many reasons. For instance, it is simply an ethical and socially responsible position; no responsible employer would argue that it is acceptable for employees to get hurt or become ill because of their working conditions. The insurance premium an organization pays for this coverage is determined by several factors, including the value of the claims paid out to employees of the firm. Firms that have fewer accidents and workers compensation claims actually pay lower premiums. In addition, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) can impose fines against organizations that have unsafe workplace (DeNisi/Griffin). In conclusion, the lost time from accidents and illness can cost an organization a great deal of money, so it is simply good business to maintain a safe and healthy workplace. Communications Choosing effective internal communications methods that are right to deliver key messages for diverse audiences is essential to the success of any business. McDonalds is careful about heir methods of both internal and marketing communications. McDonalds adopts multi-channel communication methods to ensure that all its messages are delivered to staff.   These include the use of print, online and other forms of technology such as video conferencing (thehrdirector.com). McDonalds works closely with its communications agency, Summersault, producing employee magazines that are designed to inspire and motivate employees about the company. McDonalds communication practices are just another way for McDonalds executives to keep employees enthusiastic about their jobs and encourage them to go as far as they can I the business. Overall McDonalds HR policies and Procedures have contributed to the overall success of the organization. McDonalds has successfully geared their business toward the development of their employees which produces optimal performance and the ultimate prosperity of the company as a global unit. Allowing the demand for their product and customer satisfaction to dictate their method of perfecting their business practices appears to be on of McDonalds great strengths, and has allowed them to continue to be the most popular fast food chain in the world. Together McDonalds HR Planning, Staffing, Performance Management, Communications along with many other company practices have propelled the success of McDonalds in the food industry. Efficiency in these areas has provided the foundation for an immensely successful global company. Works Cited http://www.bersinassociates.com http://www.mteliza.mbs.edu http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com http://hrmtoday.org http://www.merriam-webster.com http://www.scribd.com http://www.mcdonalds.at/ Works Cited

Comparison of Working and Non-Working Mother Adolescents

Comparison of Working and Non-Working Mother Adolescents Relation Among Depression, Loneliness and Self-efficacy of Adolescents of Working and Non-Working Mother Sadia Afrin Summary The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relation among depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents of working and non-working mothers whether mother’s occupation has any effects on adolescent’s depression, loneliness and self-efficacy. Assess whether depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents differ by gender or not. The participants of the relevant study will be 100 adolescents of working mothers where 50 will male and 50 will female and 100 adolescents of non-working mothers where 50 will male and 50 will female between the age group of 15 to 18 years selected purposively by convenience sampling technique. To collect the data I will use Bangla Version (Pervin, 2007) of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, Dan, 1978), The Depression Scale (Rahman Uddin, 2005), and adopted Bengali Version (Ilyas, 2005) of Sherer’s (1982) General Self-Efficacy Scale. Descriptive and correlation statistical techniques will be employed to depict the quantitative data. Successful completion of the project will add a worthy picture of risk factors of adolescents. Introduction Adolescence comes from Latin word â€Å"adolescere† which means to grow up. It is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood. We all face different emotion, feeling in all over in our life. Depression is an emotional state marked by great sadness and apprehension, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities. So it is a state of low  mood  and aversion to activity that can affect a persons thoughts, behavior, feelings and  sense of well being. According to the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), about 11% of adolescents have a depressive disorder by age 18. Girls are experiencing depression more likely than boys. Depression in adolescents is probably under diagnosed because the symptoms can be difficult to recognize. Loneliness is an unpleasant experience that occurs when a network of social relationships of a person is significantly deficient whether qualitatively or quantitatively. This definition consists two points of agreement. First, loneliness comes from a deficiency in a persons social relationships. It happens when there is a mismatch between a persons actual social relations and the persons needs or desires for social contact. Second, loneliness is not synonymous with social isolation; it is person’s subjective experience. So it can be said that, Lonelinessis unpleasant and unexpected  emotional  response to isolation or separation or lack of companionship. Although loneliness comes time to time of all age but during adolescence (particularly early adolescence) it is stayed in peak because of many changes in social expectations, roles, relationships, and identities, which may increase the experience of loneliness. Self-efficacy one’s perceived capabilities for learning and performing actions at designated levels. It is the power or strength of ones belief in on es own ability to finish tasks and reach aims. According to Albert Bandura, self-efficacy is the belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations. In other words, self-efficacy is a person’s belief in his or her ability to succeed in a particular situation. Many researchers are counting academic competence as self efficacy which begins to decline in grade 7 or earlier. Research in where using longer depression scales such as the Beck Depression Inventory also find a strong relationship between loneliness and depression. The consistent association of loneliness and depression Bragg (1979) proposed a distinction between depressed loneliness and non-depressed loneliness. In a study of college students, Bragg found that depressed loneliness was associated with fairly global negativity, seen in dissatisfaction with social relations, school, work, and many facets of life. In contrast, non-depressed lonely people expressed dissatisfaction only with their social relations; they were not necessarily unhappy about other aspects of their lives. Cognitive processes may also influence the loneliness-depression link. Lonely people who blame themselves for their social problems and who attribute their loneliness to unchangeable factors may be most prone to depression. Self-efficacy makes a difference to as how people feel, think, and act. High self-efficacy allow s individuals to choose challenging settings and explore their environment or create new ones. While Bandura (1997) reported that a low self-efficacy is associated with a low self-esteem, Heslin and Klehe (2006) noted that self-efficacy is related to the experience of stress and work burnout. Specifically, low self-efficacy can lead to a sense of helplessness and hopelessness about ones capability of self-esteem. Dussault and Deaudelin (2001) found a negative correlation between self-efficacy and loneliness (r = .25). This finding suggests that loneliness is more likely exists in people who have lower self-efficacy. Every moment mothers are working for children, in this study working mother indicating them who are attached with job, business almost five years at this time and non-working means mothers who are only housewives. According to Raymond Montemayor Mark D. Clayton (1967), maternal employment might be more likely to result in problems for adolescents when it takes place in the context of family instability, undesirable peer influences and lack of maternal supervision. Lakhe (2003) completed a study which has the aim to see the social adjustment of the adolescents of working and non-working mothers. The result was found that adolescent’s total level of adjustments of working mother is higher than non-working mother. Suprerna Khanna studied on relationship between emotional intelligence and social maturity of adolescent children of working and non-working mothers. This study also found significant social maturity in adolescent children of working mothers than non-working mothers. Rationale of the study: In Bangladesh, there are almost 27.7million adolescents’. Among them, a significant numbers are suffering different mental health problems like anxiety, depression, stress, loneliness, low self-efficacy etc. In previous study we saw that adolescents whose mothers work in outside will suffer more mental health problems such as depression, loneliness and low self-efficacy than the adolescents whose mother stay in home. The rationale of the study is that, at first we measure whether the adolescents of working women and non-working women differ in the level of depression, loneliness and self-efficacy. If there found any differences then we say that there may remain some risk factors towards the differences in depression, loneliness and self-efficacy regarding their working status (working women, non-working women). The findings of the proposed study might help the improvement of adolescent’s life. Adolescent’s loneliness and self-efficacy are correlated with depression. If their loneliness is high or low then their depression will be high or low. And it also hypothesized that high-low self-efficacy is also correlated with low-high depression. If these correlations are founded the further extensive study on those areas will lead to explore risk factors and positive factors. Statistics shows that 30 percent of teens with depression also develop a substance abuse problem, lonely teens struggle with relationships and more dangerous thing is untreated depression is the number one cause of suicide, so if we can assume that adolescent child of working mother has these risk factors we can prevent these factors and also working mothers can concerns about their children and they can make different environment where child can not feel lonely, do not be depressed and make high self efficacy. Objectives of the study: The objectives of the present study are to: Investigate the relationship among depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents of working and non-working mothers. Whether mother’s occupation has any effects on adolescent’s depression, loneliness and self-efficacy. Assess whether depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents differ by gender. Method Research Design Cross sectional study. Quantitative research, Random individual interview. Sample Size and Participants Almost 50 thousands of adolescents of Dhaka City are population in this study. The present study will be conducted on 200 adolescents where 100 will be working mother’s adolescents and 100 will be non-working mother’s adolescents who will be selected purposively but some will be selected conveniently and randomly. First I will select the school or college conveniently where I can collect data easily and then select a class randomly, I select the students purposively (criteria mother’s occupation, gender). A total of 200 adolescents (male and female) will be taken from Rajuk Uttara Model College by convenience sampling technique. The age of the respondents was between 15 to 18 years. Distributions of participants are given in the table 1. Table 1 Distribution of participants Adolescents (Working Mother) Adolescents (Non-Working Mother) Male 50 50 Female 50 50 Total 100 100 = 200 Instruments Demographic and personal information questionnaire: By this questionnaire, the data on age, gender, educational background, no. of siblings, family status, father’s occupation, and mother’s occupation’s details (job/business, duration, place), mothers’ age, mother’s educational background will be collected. Bangla Version (Pervin, 2007) of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, Dan, 1978): The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale was developed to measure loneliness. It is a 20 items 4 point Likert type scale. 20 items of English version were translated into Bengali. Each of the 20 items is scored such that 1 indicates lack of loneliness and a 4 indicates high level of loneliness. Thus, total scores of the scale can range from 20 to 80. Higher score means high level of loneliness and lower score means low feelings of loneliness. The Depression Scale (Rahman Uddin, 2005): The depression scale was constructed to measure depression in the context of Bangladesh. It consisted of 30 items or statements. The answer options for each item of the scale were according to 5 point rating scale. Sum of all values indicated total score on the scale. The highest possible score of 30-items form of depression scale is 150 and the lowest possible score is 30. Higher score indicates higher depression and lower score indicates low level of depression. Adapted Bangla Version (Ilyas, 2005) of Sherer et. al.’s (1982) General Self-Efficacy Scale: This scale was used to measure degree of agreement with perceived personal ability to affect outcomes in various situations. It was a 17 items 5 point Likert type scale where scores ranged between 1(strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). 6 of the 17 items were negative and for these items the scoring was reversed. Total score in the scale ranged from 17-85 with higher score representing higher self-efficacy. Procedure: Necessary demographic information sheet will be prepared first; the standard data collection procedure will be followed with a view to obtaining data about depression, loneliness and self-efficacy of adolescents of working and non-working mothers. First, the participants will sit in a room and then a brief description will be given about the questionnaire. They will be also instructed not to discuss about anything with one another while answering the questions and they will be assured that their opinions would be kept as confidential. The questionnaire with bio-data form was administered individually and they will ask to answer all the questions by giving tick marks. Once the answers will be collected, the respondents will be thanked for their kind co-operation. I will code and analyze the collected data by using computer software SPSS version 16.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethics Absence of the Ethical Committee I will not be able to collect Ethical Approval, but I will collect the permission of the Principle and Authority of the collage. I will also collect the consent of the students verbally. Data Analyses A descriptive analysis will be conducted of the variables such as gender, age, mother’s occupation. Then t-test analysis will be carried out to find out the differences between male and female adolescents. After that I will apply correlation statistics to find out the relationship among depression, loneliness and self-efficacy. Then a multiple regression analysis will be carried out to see how much depression, loneliness affect self-efficacy. Time Frame Annex 1 Objective-Data Collection Method analysis

Progressivism Essay examples -- Progressivism American History Essays

Progressivism The Progressive Movement in the late nineteenth century, early twentieth century presented quite a situation for historians to conquer. At the turn of the twentieth century political questioning was the norm. Practically every historian that writes about this time period has a different opinion of what made up â€Å"Progressive Movement,† some even going so far to beg the question if it was actually a movement or if it was more of an â€Å"era.† The two are interchanged so often that they have in many ways come to mean the same thing although according to some they are distinctly different. The four works, Richard Hofstadter's The Age of Reform, Peter Filene's "An Obituary for the Progressive Movement," Richard McCormick's "The Discovery that Business Corrupts Politics," Paula Baker's "The Domestication of Politics" all discuss the Progressive â€Å"time period† in varying degrees of depth. The four historians all wrote after the 1950’s when the age in question was clearly over. Richard Hofstadter’s book discussed all facets of the age from the mid to late 1800’s to the early and middle 1900’s he touches on the politics, the economics and the social and societal conditions of the age. The Age of Reform, specifically, covers the time period from the 1870’s to the 1940’s. He includes populism, progressivism and the New Deal as main topics in his book and it is mainly biographical in nature. He discusses which groups attempted certain reforms and the part of the era it occurred during. He attempts to explain why they attempted when they did and the political atmosphere. He even notes the geographic locations of specific â€Å"pushes† in some cases. Hofstadter, like most historians agrees that reform is the defining feature of th... ...gument that there was no actual â€Å"movement.† Anyone with a political affiliation or any interest in politics at the time championed one of the ideas of the progressives. The progressives were the people seeking reforms in all agencies and aspects of life. With the changing time and with the wavering leaders and growing uncertainty of the party politics everyone was attempting to change what they could. The time period between the mid nineteenth century and the mid twentieth century did not house the progressive movement, it was the progressive era. Sources: Richard Hofstadter's The Age of Reform Peter Filene's "An Obituary for the Progressive Movement" (Article 1) Richard McCormick's "The Discovery that Business Corrupts Politics" (Article 2) Paula Baker's "The Domestication of Politics" (Article 3) *all three articles were taken off of the database JSTOR

Gullivers Travels - Satire :: Gullivers Travels Essays

Gulliver's Travels - Satire Gulliver's Travels was written during an era of change known as the Reformation Period. The way this book is written suggests some of the political themes from that time period, including the well-known satire. These themes are displayed throughout Gulliver's Travels, and even sometimes reflect upon today's society. Many things in the book Gulliver's Travels prove that it was set in the Restoration Period. Some of the ways you can tell this are: the clothing, the speech, the governments, and of course, the lack of technology. But these things do not prove that the book was written in the Restoration Era. Any writer from any time period after the Reformation Period could write a book similar to Gulliver's Travels, which was set in the Reformation Period. What sets Swift's masterpiece apart and actually proves it was written in the time when many things were changing is the use of satire and political ideas relating to the era. One of the forms of political satire is embodied in the first culture that is met by Gulliver. The Lilliputians are the embodiment of England of the time period. The Lilliputians are small people who control Gulliver through means of threats. "...when in an instant I felt above a hundred arrows discharged into my left hand, which pricked my like so many needles; and besides they shot another flight into the air, as we do bombs in Europe" (Swift, 24). England was a small country that had Europe (represented by Gulliver) and many other parts of the world under their control. This example of comparing the political situation in Europe at the time to the story is further demonstrated by using Gulliver against the Blefescan nation, much like a European nation would use a political ally. Another way that Swift uses satire against the society of the time is through the medium of science. During the Reformation period, people were beginning to questions superstitions and theories by using science to explain things. The most famous of these explanations was when Halley discovered that a comet (later named for him) made a predictable orbit around the sun. During the voyage to Laputa, Gulliver commends the Laputians on their study of comets, even saying that ".

Present Problems in Garments sector in Bangladesh Essay

Health & safety issues in garments industry of bangladesh Introduction Origin of the report Health & safety polices are not available in most of the garments manufacturers & exporters in Ready made Garments Industry of Bangladesh. As a requirement of Human Resource Management course, this project is prepared on Health & Safety issues in present Premium 11729 Words 47 Pages Garments industry in bangladesh Compensation & Benefits Management: A case study on â€Å"Regain Garments (Pvt.) Ltd.† A Group Project Report On Compensation & Benefits Management: A case study on â€Å"Regain Garments (Pvt.) Ltd.† Gani Md. Ataul (Id: 06-07365-3) Hassan Abu Md. Mahin (Id: 06-07360-3) Tanvir Hossain Tan Premium 2989 Words 12 Pages Overview of garments industry in bangladesh TERM PAPER ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Daffodil International University (DIU) Acknowledgement First we feel great gratitude to my god to perform my task in time and successfully. We feel very happy to inform you that, after doing a hard work, we finally done our report on Human Resource Premium 3328 Words 14 Pages Garments industry in bangladesh Garments industry in Bangladesh Although Bangladesh is not developed in industry, it has been enriched in Garment industries in the recent past years. In the field of Industrialization garment industry is a promising step. It has given the opportunity of employment to millions of unemployed, spec Premium 831 Words 4 Pages Prospect of tourism industry in bangladesh Prospect of Tourism Industry in Bangladesh Prospect of Tourism Industry in Bangladesh Submitted to: MD. ANWARUL ISLAM Course Teacher Business Communication (MGT 431) Stamford University Bangladesh Submitted By, CHOWDHURY GOLAM NOOR- A- SUNNY Student ID- MBA 046 13284 Student of Premium 6152 Words 25 Pages Problems and prospects of poultry industry in bangladesh 1 Problems and Prospects of Poultry Industry in Bangladesh: An Analysis Muhammad Mahboob Ali * Md. 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The report is organized through the study of secondary sources of information. We have tried to put the concrete information aside from the limitations we have faced in preparing the p Premium 7433 Words 30 Pages Operation management of a garments factory of bangladesh AN EVALUATION OF HUMAN RESOURCE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT AT CORPORATE BRANCH OF CONCORD GROUP 1.0 INTRODUCTION In any industry the success of an organization is extremely dependent on its human resources. Although there are many other factors that play a key role, a company must have effecti Premium 11585 Words 47 Pages Hr practises in garments industry in bd |Table of Contents | |Literature Review |3 | |Introduction Premium 7223 Words 29 Pages A comprehensive study on the problems and prospects of hrm profession in bangladesh Introduction Human Resource Management (HRM) is a way of management that links people-related activities to the strategy of a business or organization. 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Meat Consumption In America

Ground Beef, between others are the most typical things on a grocery shopping list. Meat forms a great part of our meals that we include it in every single plate we eat. In the essay, â€Å"The Only Way to Have a COW', Bill McKinney imagines a future where Americans will not eat as much meat as they do now. But the likelihood of his vision ever becoming true is far from being realized. I went out interviewing people about what was their opinion of meat consumption in the U. S.They had really good opinions. One of the few questions I asked was; what is the likelihood of America on becoming vegetarian? Their answers went from America will never become vegetarian to there is a slight chance it will happen. The answer that struck me the most was that of a 19 year old male, Jose, a resident in Los Angles, CA, he said: â€Å"In my opinion I doubt America as a whole could ever transfer from being a ‘meat lover' society to a complete vegetarian society. If you think about it it's a r adiation.For example, look at Thanksgiving I doubt American's would give up such tradition. † Over the years the U. S. Meat consumption has peaked. With about 270. 71 pounds of meat a year per person, the United States is the second country that consumes more meat than any other country on the planet. With such a high demand on meat farmers and scientists have found ways to get more meat out of every cow. If things keep going the way they are Mr.. Muckiness's vision will be significantly far from being realized.Meat has become a big part of American's dietary plans. It has become a big part of my diet as well. In a week, I would probably consume a total of 10 to 12 pounds of meat. Either chicken or beef, I always need to have a piece of meat on my plate, without it my plate would not be a â€Å"balanced† meal. If I was to ever become vegetarian or at least lower my consumption of meat, it would be nearly an impossible thing to do. But hey, there is nothing that cannot b e done in fife.It would Just take a little time and some self-discipline to reach this goal. So in a few words, the idea of America ever becoming vegetarian is far from being realized. The high demand of meat in America has caused farmers to invent new ways to obtain the maximum amount of meat from every single cow to satisfy our population. Many Americans would never give up their meat. Think about it America without meat would not be America.