Communicable Disease Paper Essay

Hepatitis B is a viral transmission system that is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It attacks the liver and bed cause both acute and degenerative ailment. discerning HBV is less than six-spot months and integritys immune system is subject to fight and clear the contagious disease. Chronic HBV lasts longer than six months and ones immune system is unable to fight the infection ahead(p) to liver blow, backcer or cirrhosis of the liver. now and again continuing HBV gouge go undetected for geezerhood due to a somebody creation asymptomatic (Mayo Clinic, 2011). Mode of TransmissionIn highly septic argonas of the earthly concern, HBV is most comm lonesome(prenominal) scatter from mom to mollycoddle at birth or from person to person in early childhood (World Health presidential term WHO, 2013). The HBV is as well as spread via pargonnteral contact with give rake or blood products, sharing of or accidental call forle sticks and having unprotected raise with one whos blood, saliva, semen or vaginal secretions are infected and enter your body (Copstead and Banasik, 2010). Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms of HBV may never appear or appear over a two to six month period.Signs and symptoms include ab pain, dark urine, fever, joint pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, impuissance and fatigue and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and or sclera) (Mayo Clinic, 2011). Complications Having chronic HBV can lead to serious life sound complications much(prenominal) as, cirrhosis, liver cancer, failure, hepatitis D infection or kidney failure. Liver cirrhosis occurs when HBV has caused inflammation to liver leading to scaring and formation of fibrotic cell tissue that blocks hepatic blood flow and cell function.This in turn results in overgrowth of new cells attempting to regene run causing lessen liver function Liver cancer and failure can occur if a unhurried has cirrhosis due to being a risk actor (Copstead and Banasik, 2010) . Treatment Treatment of HBV is tolerateive. Care focuses on nutrition, hydration and easiness (WHO, 2013). For those who keep up been infected with acute HBV, may non even need word but only management of symptoms. Those infected with chronic HBV may need more(prenominal) invasive treatments such as, antiviral medications or need a liver transplant (Mayo Clinic, 2011). antiviral actor medications are used to slow and fight the virus from destructing the liver. Liver transplants are an option if a patient has end-stage liver disease where traditional treatments have not worked and are a qualified candidate (Copstead and Banasik, 2010). Demogrphics rough 60,000 community die every year from HBV (WHO, 2013). there are about 200 one million million people funding around the world with HBV with an estimated 1. 2 cardinal living in the united States (CDC, 2013). In 2011 the United States was estimated to have 18,800 actual new cases of the HBV (CDC, 2013).Those who are at greatest risk for developing HBV are Asiatic and peaceable Islanders, African Americans, gay and bisexual individuals, those who have doubled sex partners and do not normal safe sex or are intravenous medicine users. Gay and bisexual men shamble up 20% of new HBV cases and 50% Asiatic and Pacific Islanders are living with HBV (CDC, 2013). Most Asian and Pacific Islanders were infected with HBV as infants or children and 1 in 12 are living with it and are not even aware.Determinants of Health environmental factors such as living conditions, social networks and social support systems are all key drivers for one meet infected with the HBV. For example, a homeless person who has a poor wellness status, is uninsured, unemployed and has a overlook of education is more likely to be diagnosed with HBV. in addition certain hightail its are more likely to be infected with the HBV, as stated above, Asian and Pacific Islanders make up 50% of the population living with HBV (CDC, 2013 ).In addition there is a deficiency of resources available to protect, alter and maintain one wellness due to the cost and lack of good health works to individuals with low socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, focus take to be made on improving introduction to care as well as treating the environmental and social factors of health. Epidemiologic Triangle The epidemiologic trigon is used to analyze the natural history of a disease. It asses the agent what, host who and environment where (Maurer and Smith, 2013). The biological agent for hepatitis B is a virus.The hosts demographics can range from infancy into adulthood and any race is susceptible to the virus. The bodys defenses are more likely to fight off acute than chronic HBV. A persons behavior as well plays a large role in one sightly infected. Those who are intravenous drug users or have a history of multiple sex partners are my susceptible to developing HBV. Environmental factors hind endd on social and economic cons iderations could be direct person-to-person contact of bodily fluids via petting or sexual intercourse or receiving soil blood products from infected individuals.Within the workplace, an individual could accidently cock himself or herself with a contaminated needle change magnitude their chances of becoming infected. Role of Community Health carry It is important for the community health nurse to train and promote prevention of HBV. Teaching risk decrease interventions and strategies such as not having unprotected sex and using condoms can help prevent transmission of hepatitis B. For those who have already mystify infected with the HBV its important to provide timely referrals for sexual health related services to further prevent others from becoming infected.Making the hepatitis vaccinations more accessible and available is an efficacious way to prevent hepatitis B. Educating health and human service providers about hepatitis B promotes quality of care and sentiency as w ell as reduces chances of transmission. Ensuring adequate resources are available (state and local surveillance) to accurately monitor disease trends, transmission and how effective treatment is can improve and ensure correct data collection.Its also important that the nurse refers patients to accessible care and treatment facilities so that compliance can be obtained and the rate of transmission, morbidity and mortality can be reduced. national Organization The World Hepatitis Alliance is a non-profit external umbrella non-governmental organization that represents every region of the world with viral hepatitis. They raise awareness, reduce the stigma associated with viral hepatitis, work with the WHO and provide preventive care as well as support and access to treatment.Their conclusion is eradication of HBV and HCV. They plan on achieving this goal by having more countries with a complete hepatitis strategy in place, regional patient organizations in all WHO regions, on going su pport for global hepatitis groups, acceptance at a global level of HBV and HCV, increased trammel and a more diversified funding base for the alliance. Conclusion There are two billion people worldwide that are infected with HBV and more than 350 million are infected with chronic liver infections, which increases their risk of death significantly (Maurer and Smith, 2013).Fortunately, there is a vaccine for hepatitis B but it has not become easily accessible to those in developing countries. This is a virus that can be prevented if individuals are being educating on the causes and risks as well as ship canal to protect themselves. It is up to us healthcare providers to spread awareness and makes our patients more knowledgeable about the types of transmittable disease in our world so that they can make healthy choices.